单元内容分析
本单元以描述某人的个性特征为中心而展开, 从外表和性格两方面比较人物之间的相同与不同点, 由此引出taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier, calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier, more athletic, more popular, more serious, more outgoing 等词汇, 以及"S + be + adj.比较级+than+被比较对象"这个重要的句子结构。Section A部分重在要求听说读三个方面比较不同双胞胎之间外表和性格的区别, 附带着在3a也提出了as....as 结构the same as结构表达两人的相同之处。与Section A部分比较, Section B部分则深入到比较自己和朋友的相同与不同之处, 并提出了"选择朋友"这个话题, 引导学生正确评价朋友, 引导学生结识真正的好朋友。
内容、目标与要求
题目 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 题材内容：本单元以描述朋友外表和个性特征, 比较个人与朋友之间的异同为题材, 增进朋友之间的相互了解。
目标、 功 能：表述个性特征, 对人物进行比较。
语 法:形容词的比较级, both的用法。 词 汇 more, than, taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier, calmer, wilder, quieter, funnier, smarter, more athletic, more popular, twin, both, be good at
语言技能
目标 听: 能听懂描述某人外表及个性特征, 人物之间外表及个性异同的句子和对话。 说: 能口头描述某人的外表及个性特征, 能比较不同人物之间特征的异同。 读: 能读懂对不同人物外表和个性描述的对话和简单文章。
写: 能用S + be + adj.比较级+than+被比较对象 结构描述不同人物的区别, 能用as + adj.原级+as 描述不同人物的相同处, 学会用both描述不同人物的相同处。 演示与表达能在同学之间进行真实的介绍自己的朋友和家庭成员的特征。学习 策略自学策略培养分类表述, 听取特定信息的习惯。 合作学习
策略掌握描述个人特征的表达方式, 结识朋友, 介绍朋友, 了解朋友, 形成一个学习集体, 互相帮助。情感态度 介绍朋友时要尊重朋友, 实事求是地评价朋友和自己, 珍惜培养朋友之间真实而美好的友谊。任务 能够运用所学结构和句式向别人介绍自己和朋友的异同。
Words and expressions(词汇部分)
1 outgoing adj. 友好的，外向的；quiet adj. 平静的，安静的，文静的。
她性格很开朗。______________________________
她是一个文静的女孩。____________________________________
2 twin adj. 孪生的，双胞胎的；n. 双胞胎(之一)
他们是双胞胎。______________________________
他的双胞胎弟弟个子很高。_________________________________________
3 calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的；反义词，wild adj. 鲁莽的，草率的
保持镇静！______________________!
他太鲁莽。__________________________________
4 serious adj. 严肃的，庄重的
我们的数学老师看上去很严肃。Our math teacher _________________________
他不苟言笑。___________________________________
5 athletic adj. 擅长运动的，活跃的，强健的
Athletic sports are good to the health. 体育运动有益健康。
约翰体魄健壮，他擅长跑步。__________________________________, _____________________________
6 note n. 注释，说明
记笔记 _________________
7 mean v. 意思是。。。；表示。。。的意思
What do you mean? I mean you’re too lazy. 你是什么意思？我是说你太懒。
这个单词是什么意思？它的意思是“交通运输”。
_________________________________? ______________________________________“transportation”.
8 way n. 某个方面
在有些方面____________________. 在另一些方面______________________
9 both (A) pron. (两个)都，（两者）都
They both live here. = Both of them live here. 他们两个都住在这儿。
我们两个都在八(3)班学习。(1) ____________________________________
(2) ____________________________________________
这对双胞胎都很外向。(1) _______________________________
(2) ________________________________________________
(B) adj. 两者的，双方的
两本书都很有趣。________________________________
(C) both……and…… 既。。。又。。。；两者都。。。。。。
我和他都喜欢数学。Both he and I like math.
他不仅打篮球，还踢足球。He plays both basketball and football.
你和她都需要努力学习。_________________________________________________
数学和英语我都喜欢。_____________________________________________________
10 物主代词
物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的
形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir
名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
用法：形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，后跟名词，表示所有关系；名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，后面不跟名词，作主语、宾语或表语。
填一填：(1) This is ______ (my/ mine)book. That’s ______. (her/ hers)
(2) ______ (Our/ Ours) is a large country.
(3) My pen is on the desk. ______ is on the floor. A he B his C your D her
(4) 她的鞋子是黑色的，你的是白色的。
______ shoes are black, ______ are white.
(5) The bicycle looks like ______. (your/ yours)
11 more than…… 超过，多于
我们班有40多名学生。_____________________________________________________
他们家不只一辆小汽车。His family ___________________________________________
12 in common 公有的，共有的
have something in common 有(一个)共同点；have some things in common 有一些共同之处。
这对双胞胎有一些共同点。______________________________________________
13 be good at = do well in 擅长。。。，在（某方面）做得好；反义说法，be weak in 在（某方面）做得差。
他英语学得好。(1) ________________________________________
(2) ___________________________________________________
他数学学的不好。____________________________________
14 for prep. 为，给，对
跑步对我们的健康有好处。________________________________
这儿有你一封信（letter）。_____________________________________
谢谢你的帮助。_________________________________________
对我来说，英语很好学。______ ______, it ______ easy ______ _______ English.
15 opposite prep. 相反的，对立的；view n. 观点，看法
他对这个问题看法相反。He ______ ______ ______ on this problem.
16 interest n. 兴趣，爱好，为可数名词；interesting adj. 有趣的
这对双胞胎兴趣不同。The twins ______ ______ ______.
对。。。感兴趣，可以说，show interests in……; take an interest in……
他对打电脑游戏感兴趣。(1) ____________________________________________
(2) ______________________________________________
17 though/ although conj. 虽然，即使，纵然
尽管英语学的不好，但他仍然在努力学。
(1)______ he ______ ______ ______ English, _______ he _______ ______ _______ it.
(2)He ______ ______ ______ English ______ he ______ ______ ______ it.
18 necessary adj. 必要的，必须的
把英语学好是必须的。It _______ _______ _______ _______ English well.
19 beat v. 打败，战胜。 beat sb 打败（战胜）某人
篮球比赛我们经常战胜二班。We often ______ ______ in the basketball matches.
20 care v. 对。。。在意， 对。。。计较。care about sth 对。。。在乎
I don’t care what people think of me。 我不在乎人们对我怎么看。
我不在乎价钱。I ______ ______ ______ the price.
21 information （不可数名词）消息，信息
Texts（课文部分）
本单元学习形容词和副词的比较等级。
（一）形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成。（见书后语法P93）
写出下列词的比较级和最高级：tall fine
big thin fat
easy funny fun
beautiful outgoing
good badly
much little
far
（二）形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法：
1 不跟谁比较用原级 He is very tall. 他个子很高。这种用法中，形容词和副词前一般有very, quite, so, too等修饰。
鞋子太大了。___________________________________
2 两者比较用“比较级+than”
He is cleverer than me. 他比我聪明。
English is more interesting than Chinese.
他比我胖。_________________________________________
物理比数学有趣。__________________________________________
物理跟数学比，哪个更难？______ is ______ ______ , physics ______ math?
3 三者以上的比较用“the +最高级”。同时有表示比较范围的介词短语，如：of the three/all；in our class, in China, in the world等。
This ruler is the longest of the three. 三把尺子中这一把最长。
Who is the heaviest, Peter, Tom or Mike? 彼得、汤姆和迈克谁最胖？
我们班上他的个子最高。____________________________________________
所有学科中英语最难。_________________________________________
汽车、火车和飞机哪个跑的最快？飞机。
_____________________________________________________________? The plane.
4 平级比较用(1)“as +原级+as”表示甲在某方面与乙相同；（2）“not as(so) +原级+as”表示甲在某方面不及乙。
数学跟物理同样有趣。Math is as interesting as physics.
他听讲跟安一样认真。He listens to the teacher as carefully as Ann.
我篮球没他打得好。I don’t play basketball as/so well as he does/ him.
我跟他一样高。_________________________________________________
他写的跟我一样认真。___________________________________________
数学没有物理有趣。___________________________________________
他唱得没我好听。__________________________________________________
（三）级别转换
1 最高级与比较级的转换
长江是中国最长的河流。The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
= The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
= The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.
数学是最有趣的学科。(1)_____________________________________________
(2)_________________________________________________________
他是我们班上个子最高的学生。（1）________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________
2 比较级与比较级的转换
I’m taller than he. = He is shorter than me.
English is more interesting than Chinese.=Chinese is less interesting than English.
这把尺子比那把尺子长。（1）____________________________________________
（2）______________________________________________________
他比我外向。（1）________________________________________________
（2）___________________________________________________
3 比较级与平级的转换
I’m taller than he. = He is not as(so) tall as me.
This seat is more comfortable than that one. =That seat is not as (so) comfortable as this one.
八上英语学案导学Unit 6 (续) (9)
英语比物理有趣。（1）___________________________________________
（2）________________________________________________________
数学比语文容易。（1）_____________________________________________
（2）___________________________________________________
（四）要注意的几个问题
1 比较级前的修饰语：much/a lot, a little/a bit, even(甚至，还要), still, far(同much)
汤姆甚至比以前更年轻 ______________________________________________
这辆火车比那辆跑地快得多。__________________________________________
她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真
2 “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
他变得越来越高了 ________________________________________________
花儿越来越漂亮 _____________________________________________
3 “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
你吃的越多，长的越胖。__________________________________________
你学习越用功，成绩就越好。________________________________________
多多益善 ________________________________________________
4 比较对象 在比较级的句子中，如果前后两个比较对象指的是同一类事物（人），为避免重复，后一个比较对象用that（代替单数或不可数名词）和those（代替复数名词）
The weather in Beijing is colder than that (the weather) in Guangzhou.
北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
The students in this class are taller than those (the students) in that class.
这个班的学生比那个班的学生个子高。
翻译：这个杯子里的水比那个杯子里的水热。________________________________________
广州的蔬菜比湖北的蔬菜贵。_________________________________________________
另外，所有关系的比较，后一个比较对象用名词性物主代词或名词所有格
My ruler is longer than hers. 我的尺子比她的尺子长。
我们的教室比他们的教室明亮（bright）。______________________________________________
他的房间比你的房间大。___________________________________________________________
我的尺子比迈克的长。____________________________________________________
练习题
（一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：
long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____
heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____
brightly______ -_____ badly _____ _______ far____ _____
quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________
（二）选择填空
( )1 I think English is as _____ as math.
A importanter B important C more important D most important
( )2 Mother gets up _____ in my family. A early B earlier C earliest D the earlier
( )3 The next morning Jenny got up even ______.
A early B earlier C earliest D the earliest
( )4 Emily sings ______ of the five girls. A good B well C better D best
( )5 In fact, Delia is a little _____ than her elder sister.
A tall B taller C tallest D the tallest
( )6 Heidi does not jump so _____ as Jane. A high B higher C highest D the highest
( )7 Of all the stars the sun is ______ to us. A close B closer C closest D the closest
( )8 Barbara felt much ______ than before after dark.
A cold B colder C coldest D the coldest
( )9 This jacket is smaller than that one but it’s _____
A expensive B more expensive C most expensive D the most expensive
( )10 Our country is becoming ______. A stronger and stronger B more and more strong C more stronger and more stronger D more strong and more strong
( )11 The Changjiang River is one of _____ rivers in the world.
A great B greater C greatest D the greatest
( )12 His English is very good, but his brother’s is ______ better.
A very B more C even D ever
( )13 Tom is more careful than any _____ in his class. A boy B other boys C boys D other boy
( )14Which does Jimmy like ,Chinese or Art?
A. well B. best C. better D. much
( )15 The Changjiang River is one of in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
( )16 of the two women is Mrs Brown.
A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C.More beautiful D. The most beautiful
( )17 There is paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little
( )18 The pen is than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper
( )19 Tom speaks Chinese better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much
( )20 There are girls in Class Two than in Class Four. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best
( )21 It’s too for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest
( )22 Who has apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most
( )23 You have more rulers than me. But are nicer than .
A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your
( )24 Tingting is than Meimei, but Meimei is than Tingting.
A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger
( )25 My mooncake is nicer his. A. like B. with C. for D. than
( )26 You are fatter than . A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall
( )27 He jumps of the three. A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest
( )28 My hair is longer than . A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D. Lucys’
( )29 Mother is in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy
( )30 She is than me at drawings. A. better B. best C. good D. harder
( )31 -This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a one?
A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest
（三）同义转换
1 He is the tallest student in his class.
= He is ______ ______ ______ ______ student in his class.
= He is ______ ______ ______ ______ students in his class.
2 Peter draws well, Li Lei draws better. = Li Lei draws ______ ______ of the two.
3 The bike goes more slowly than the car. = The car goes ______ than the bike.
4 His book is more interesting than the twins’.
= His book is ______ ______ ______ of the three.
5 His brother draws better than him. = He doesn’t ______ ______ ______ ______ his brother.
6 If you study harder, you’ll get better grades.
= ______ ______ you study, ______ ______ ______ you’ll get.
7 This shirt is more expensive than that one.= That shirt is ______ ______ than this one.
Section A
1 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次写来的信。last adj. 最后的，刚过去的
姓_______________ 世界末日________________
上一次____________ 去年________________ 昨晚______________ 上个周________________
2 Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying. 这些是我和我的双胞胎姐姐刘英的照片。
Here is/ are……是个倒装句。可根据不同情况翻译成不同的中文，“这里有。。。。。。；这些是。。。。。。”
这里有两只铅笔。_________________________________
这是你们的书。______________________________
3 As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.
正如你所看到的，在某些方面，我们长的一样，在某些方面，我们长的不一样。
as 介词，正如，就像
众所周知，地球是圆的。_____________________, the earth is round.
look the same 看上去相同，长的一样；look different 看上去不同，长的不一样
4 …….although my hair is shorter than hers. 虽然我的头发比她的头发短。前面已经讲过，在比较级的句子中，前一个比较对象如有形容词性物主代词修饰，后一个比较对象就用名词性物主代词。
她的背包比你的重。_____________________________________________
5 We both enjoy going to parties. 我们两个都喜欢参加聚会。enjoy doing sth, 相当于like doing/ to do sth. 意思是，“喜欢干某事”，但enjoy后只能跟v—ing形式。
学生们正在欣赏音乐。The students are ______ ______ to music.
6 She’s a little more outgoing than me/I am. 她比我外向一点。 根据英文的表达习惯，在比较级的句子中，than的后面应该跟“宾格”或“主格+be/助动词/情态动词等”。
他比我个高。He is ______ than ______/ ______ ______.
我篮球打得比他好。I play basketball ______ than ______/ ______ ______.
7 My friend is the same as me. 我朋友跟我一样。be the same as……与。。。。。。相同；反义说法：_____________________________
我年龄（age）跟他一样大。I’m ______ ______ ______ ______ him.
他跟别人不一样。________________________________________
Section B
8 makes me laugh 使我发笑。同let一样，make后也要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
Let sb do sth 让某人干某事；make sb do sth 使（强迫）某人干某事
（1）能让我帮你吗？Can you ______ ______ ______ you?
（2）放学后，老师把他留在教室里。The teacher ______ ______ ______ in the classroom ______ school.
9 Maria and her best friend are both tall. 玛利亚和她的最要好的朋友两个人个子都很高。
both 在句中放在be动词或情态动词后，实意动词前。
他们两个都住这儿。_____________________________________
他们两个都会游泳。___________________________________
10 What’s your opinion? 你是什么意见？你有什么看法？opinion n. 意见，看法，主张
11 We asked some people what they think and this is what they said. 我们问了一些人他们的想法，这就是他们说的。 句中含有两个what 引导的名词性从句。
老师对他做的事很生气。The teacher is angry with ______ ______ ______.
你相信你听到的事吗？Do you believe ______ _______ ______?
12 I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢和我一样的朋友。
I like to have friends who are different from me. 我喜欢和我不一样的朋友。
两句中均含有who引导的定语从句，修饰friends。
第一句中，be like 相像。
他跟他父亲很像。_________________________________________
13 There are some differences, though. 但是，也有不同的地方。different adj. 不同的，差异的； difference n.区别，差异。为可数名词。
though 虽然，尽管，但是。用于句末，意思是“但是”。
用different/ difference填空：
The twins look ______
Can you tell the ______ between the twins?
He is ______ from his brother?
Are there any ______ between you and your brother?
14 I’m smarter than Yuan Li. 我比袁丽聪明（漂亮）。smart adj. 时髦的，漂亮的，聪明的，整洁的。
她显得很漂亮。_____________________________
我喜欢整洁。_________________________________
15 It’s not necessary to be the same. （朋友之间）没必要处处都一样。
该句所用句式，It is +adj.+to do sth. 其中，it为______主语，不定式to do sth为______ 主语。
我们有必要学好各门功课。______________________________________________ all subjects.
他有必要每天打扫房间。_________________________________________________ every day.
16 He always beats me in tennis. 打网球他总是赢我。beat v. 战胜，打败
昨天的篮球比赛我们战胜了二班。We ______ ______ ______ yesterday’s basketball ______.
17 I don’t really care. 我并不真的在乎（朋友之间的异同）。
我不在乎他说的话。I don’t ______ ______ he _______.
你在乎你听到的那件事吗？______ you ______ ______ you ______?
18 I don’t think differences are important in a friendship. 我认为区别在朋友间的友谊中不重要。
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