Unit08Book9
【词汇检测】
1打扫干净_________2饥饿_________3无家可归的_________4使振奋_________5分发_________6打扫_________7招_________牌8广告_________9推迟_________10建立_________11设立_________12想出_________13主要的_________14奉献_________15基础的_________16兽医_________17指导_________18与相象_________19修理_________20修补_________21赠送_________22修理_________23相似的_________24展示_________25分发_________26电话交谈节目_________27策略_________28结局_________29肢体有残疾的_________30机构_________31快乐_________32盲的_________33聋的_________34不能的_________35关上_________36搬运_________37特意地_________38取来_________39立即_________40支持_________41感激_________42捐款_________43词类_________44代词_________45副词_________46介词_________47连词_________48赠送_________
【短语集中】
1. help clean up the city park
2. homeless people
3. help stop hunger
4. put off
5. make a plan
6. hand out
7. cheer up
8. set up a food bank
9. be a volunteer
10. the after-school care center
11. leave school
12. a professional singer
13. feel good14. not only… but also
15. start a club
16. use up
17. take after
18. give away
19. put up
20. do a radio interview
21. be similar
22. offer lessons for children
23. after six months of training
24. because of your kind donation
25. life with pleasure
【句子再现】
1. These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.
2. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.
3. Huiping loves to read, and she puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care center at her local elementary school.
4. He sings for groups of people at the city hospital to cheer them up.
5. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.
6. Zhu Ming says he has met some wonderful people at the hospital.
7. The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at their school.
8. He also put up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem.
9. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket.
10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.
11. Be quiet please, class. I’m going to give out your test papers.
12. You see, you have helped make it possible for me to have “lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure. Let me tell you my story.
13. Being blind, deaf, unable to walk or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.
14. But there are many people who face these challenges, and I am one of them.
15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors or carrying things have always been difficult for me.
16. Then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.
17. She said she would talk to “Animal Helpers” to see if it would be possible for me to get a specially trained dog.
18. He has been trained to understand different instructions.
19. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money is well used to help disabled people like me.
20. Then I fix up the bikes and give them away to kids who don’t have enough money to buy their own bikes.
21. I guess I take after my father. He’s always helping people.
22. Your parents must be proud of you.
23. Now I’ve run out of money to buy old bikes.
24. I need to come up with some way of getting money or I’ll have to stop.
【疑点注释】
1. I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想帮助无家可归的人。
homeless是形容词，意为“无家可归的”，由home+后缀-less构成。
特别提示
less后缀通常加在名词的后面，构成形容词，表示与原来名词意思相反的形容词，如groundless 无根据的， odorless 无气味的, careless粗心的，useless无用的。
2. You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以帮着打扫城市公园。
◎clean up是“清除、除去（垃圾、污物）”等，使地方干净。
Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间打扫干净。
We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.
我们应该清除海里的污染部分。
◎clean up还可以表示“挣得，赢得（多少钱）”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。
特别提示
clean oneself up意为“洗干净”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手脏了，你应该洗洗它们。
3. You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。
give out在这里是“分发”，“散发”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。
◎另外一个意思为“用完”，“消耗尽”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他们的食物供应用完了。
◎还有一个意思为“发出”，“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。
4. He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“（使某人）高兴起来，振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦，这消息不错嘛！
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他为了使她高兴起来，便带她去看芭蕾舞。
5. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。
(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：
Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）
◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
魔力纠错
①街道两旁有许多商店。
误：There are many shops on every side of the street.
正：There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。
6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足，而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思，当置于句首时，not only后面从句的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。
7. “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”，慧萍说，“今天就来当一名自愿者吧！”
(1)put off 意思是“推迟，拖延”。
Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。
They put off the soccer game because of the rain.
因为下雨，他们把球赛推迟了。
You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。
◎put off还可意为“关掉”，相当于turn off。
Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.
在你离开教室之前，请关掉灯。
(2)become是系动词，表示“变成，成为”，后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。
She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成为名人了。
知识拓展
become后可接介词of，构成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事进展如何”。
What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在？
特别提示
系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得，感到”，其区别是：
◎get用于日常用语，后面常跟比较级。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白天变短了。
◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。
◎grow着重变化过程。
It’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。
◎become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。
He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。
8. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。
本句中的take after sb 表示“长相或举止像（某个长辈）”，不能用于被动语态。
To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.
令我惊奇的是，杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。
Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.
玛丽长得真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。
9. Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把钱花光了。
run out of意为“用完”，其主语通常是人，表示主动含义，后面跟宾语。
He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。
特别提示
run out也是“用完”的意思，其主语通常是被使用的事物，如时间、金钱、食物等，但不用于被动语态，同时其后也不能跟宾语。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗？时间快到了。
10. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行车，然后捐赠出去。
(1)fix up相当于to repair，表示“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。
My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?
我的表有时快，有时慢，你能帮我修修吗？
My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了，不能自己生活，所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。
特别提示
如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话，则构成fix sb up with sth句型，表示“为某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。
I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。
(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
知识拓展
◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机，机会等）”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。
◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.
那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。
11. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。
hand out意为“散发”，其中hand是动词。
The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。
短语链语
hand in“面交”，“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。
12. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告诉老师自己的问题……
tell sb about sth是“把某事告诉某人”的意思，有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”，常用于tell sb to do sth结构。
The teacher told us about his story. 老师给我们讲了他的故事。
My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.
妈妈常常告诉我在去上学的路上一定要小心。
13. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。
(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是……”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。
We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我们原不是那样计划的，但结果却很好。
知识拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。（想出）
I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了这首诗的意思。（理解）
短语链语
◎work on意为“从事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。
◎work on后面无宾语时，表示继续工作。
It’s very late, but they were still working on.
时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续工作。
(2)fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。
The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。
14. ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。
知识拓展
be filled with表示一个状态，意为“装满了……”，相当于be full of，其主语通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。
(2)pleasure意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。
◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。
—Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。
—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
特别提示
◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的”，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。
◎pleasant也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快／满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。
It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。
It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。
◎please是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。
Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？
15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚，像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。
(1)本句中的shut意为“关”，在许多情况下可以与close互换，只是后者语气较弱，如close the door关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door关门（指把门关紧）。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。
◎当表示“关闭公路，铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时，只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。
特别提示
turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西，如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你离开实验室前关掉灯。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
确保上床前把煤气关掉。
(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运，携带”，不表示带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。
特别提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
为了取木料，人们不得不走许多公里路。
【考点归纳】
短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩
home n. 家
3. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语
ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with 赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴
8. write down 写下 记下
9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如：
take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. ①run out of == use up 用完 用尽
I have run out of money.== I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。
②run away 逃跑 The monkey has run away from the zoo.
这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。
③run to + 地方 跑到某地
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像
take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾
20. work out 算出 结局
The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗？
21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会
23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如： thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
28. train n. 火车
train v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的
32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送
33. part of speech 词性 词类
34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能
【限时阅读】
“Ring… ring…” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly.
Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.
“Oh, my goodness! There’s an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out.
He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag.
He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing.
“Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher .
“I’m sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was my clock.. It 11 to wake me up this morning and ....”
“Don't say anything about it,” his teacher 12 him. “Don’t try to come late next time!”
Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 day it has been for me!” (209 words 8 minutes)
( )1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer
( )2. A. why B. how C. when D. where
( )3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting
( )4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested
( )5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought
( )6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door
( )7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast
( )8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful
( )9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready
( )10. A. down B. up C. out D. back
( )11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed
( )12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped
( )13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher
( )14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak
( )15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual
【话题训练】
当今社会上有很多杰出的志愿工作者，他们用他们的汗水诠释着他们的人生。请你以“Being a Volunteer is Great”为题写一篇短文。
要求：语意通顺、连贯、符合逻辑，语法、时态、格式正确。
Being a Volunteer is Great
Everyone has a will. So do I. I want to be a teacher in the future. I will be very happy if I can try my best to help my students when they have problems. But I know I must work hard because there is no royal road to learning, and also idle young, needy old. As my English teacher has told me that life is a great big canvas, and you should throw all the paint on it you can. So for the will we shall make into reality,for the future that shall come to us, let’s work hard together. He who laughs last laughs best.
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