Unit 2 The United ingdom

一、语言要点

I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

词汇

部分

词语

辨析

1. divide/separate 2. puzzle/confuse

3.debate/argue/discuss/quarrel 4.influence/affect/effect

词形

变化

1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合

convenient adj.便利的,方便的

conveniently adv.便利地

2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力

attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的

attract v. 吸引

3. construct v.建造,构造,建立

construction n..建筑,建设

4. arrange v. 安排,协商

arrangement n. 排列,安排

5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中

collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品

6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,

unfair adj. 不公平的

7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示

suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,

重点

单词

1. consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致

2. clarify v.澄清, 阐明

3. convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、

4. influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)

5. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,

6. arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商

7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜

重点

词组

take the place of代替,取代

break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解

leave out省去,遗漏

重点句子

1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.

2. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.

重点语法

过去分词做宾语补足语

II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

1). divide/separate v.

【解释】

divide “把一个整体分成若干部分”,破坏了宾语的完整性,常与 “into”连用

separate 指”把原连在一起或靠近的部分分割开”,常与 “from” 连用

【练习】选择divide或separate并用其适当的形式填空

1） The apple was _________ into two.

2） His lecture ___________divides into three parts.

3） She was __________separated from her husband last year.

4） The Taiwan Strait __________ Taiwan from Fujian

eys: 1） divided 2）divides 3） separated 4）separates

2). puzzle/confuse

【解释】

puzzle 指“情况错宗复杂, 因而使人感到困惑不解”

confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄乱“或“由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时现象

【练习】选择puzzle 或confuse并用其适当的形式填空

1）What he did __________puzzled me greatly.

2）They asked me so many questions that they _________confused me.

3）I am always ________ salt with sugar.

4）The patient’s illness _______ the doctor; and he couldn’t find the cause.

eys: 1）puzzled 2）confused 3）confusing 4）puzzled

3) debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论

【解释】

debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思

argue 指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点：

discuss指一般讨论,谈论

quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵

【练习】选择debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其适当的形式填空

1）The couple are always __________quarreling about the past.

2）Have you _________ the problem with anyone?

3）I _________ with her all day about the situation.

eys: 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued

4) influence/affect

【解释】

Affect着重影响一个人的感情或健康，也指事物受到影响

influence影响,指对人或事物起某种作用，使其行为,性格或观点等发生变化，常含有潜移默化的意味.

【练习】选择influence或affect并用其适当的形式填空

1) The noise from the street _________affected my study.

2) Outside factors _____________influenced him to resign.

3) y parents _________ my childhood a great deal.

eys: 1) affected 2) influenced 3) influenced

III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合

convenient adj.便利的,方便的

conveniently adv.便利地

2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力

attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的

attract v. 吸引

3. construct v.建造,构造,建立

construction n..建筑,建设

4. arrange v. 安排,协商

arrangement n. 排列,安排

5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中

collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品

6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,

unfair adj. 不公平的

7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示

suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,

【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空

1) These meals are quick and _________ to prepare. We provide these meals for the _____ of the customers. (convenience)

2) What ________ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an ____________ garden.(attraction)

3) They had an _________ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange)

4) The classic music _________ his childhood, and he thought that listening to the music has a calming _________ on him. (influence)

5) A new city of Wenchuan is still under __________, although it was ________ a half year ago.(construct)

6) At the whole classmates’________, the head teacher ________ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest)

keys: 1) convenient; convenience 2) attracted; attractive 3) arrangement 4) influenced; influence 5) construction; constructed 6) suggestion; suggested

IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致

consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成

[典例]

1) Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

2) True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。

[练习]翻译:

1) 这支球队由12人组成。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.

2. clarify v.澄清, 阐明

[典例]

1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 请你澄清第一个要点，好吗?

---I don’t understand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。

2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过。

[练习] 翻译句子

1)她写信详细说明她的意图.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2)澄清某人的立场

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position

3. convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具

[典例]

1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。

2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候。

3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．

这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。

[重点用法]

inconvenience n． 不方便

convenient adj． 便利的，适宜的

at one's convenience在某人方便的时候

for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便

for convenience's sake为了方便起见

make a convenience of …利用

[练习]翻译句子

1) 如果方便就看看我。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?

4. influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)

[典例]

1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要这么做？

2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.别被他影响了你，你该有你自己的决定。

[重点用法]

have influence on/with…对……产生影响

under the influence of 在......的影响下

[练习]翻译句子

1） 父母亲的行为总会给孩子带影响。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2） 在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.

5. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,

[典例]

1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．

请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效

2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid.

这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。

[重点用法]

反义词：unavailable

[考例]单项填空

We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.

A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable

【解析】 根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。答案：A。

[练习]翻译句子

1) 这里没有这本书。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.

6. arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商

[典例]

1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.

家长要这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排

2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。

[重点用法]

arrange for安排, 准备

arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事

[练习]翻译句子

1) 你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。

2）他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备

eys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.

7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜

[典例]

1) Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带喜悦。

2) The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。

[重点用法]

take/find/have delight in喜爱, 以...为乐

to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...

delight in 嗜好

[练习]翻译句子

1) 他的表演使观众感到满意。

2) 唱歌是她的主要爱好。

3) 年轻人喜欢旅行。

eys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels

V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1.take the place of代替,取代

[典例]

1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能。

2) I’ll take the place of r．Lin next week．=I’ll take r．Lin's place next week．

下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]

take place发生；举行

take one's place就位；代替某人

in place of (= instead of)代替

in place在适当的位置

out of place不得其所，不适当地

in the first place首先

from place to place到处；各处

[练习] 选择以上短语填空

1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.

2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．

eys: 1)took place 2)in place

2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解

[经典例句]

1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。

2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。

3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。

4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。

5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]

break away from摆脱，脱离

break in闯入；插话

break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)

break off中止；折断；打折

break out爆发；突然发生

break through突破；冲垮

break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离

[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：

1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.

2) The elevator broke _______.

3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.

4)Fire broke _______during the night.

5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.

eys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away

3. leave out省去,遗漏

[典例]

1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．

你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。

2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．

当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。

[重点用法]

leave for 动身到(某处)

leave alone不管;撇下…一个人

leave aside搁置

leave behind遗忘;遗留

[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：

1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.

2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.

eys: 1) alone 2) out

VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.

没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。

[解释]There is no need to do没有必要做某事

There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的

[练习]汉译英

1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

eys:

1) Is there any need for us to go there again?

2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.

1. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.

这似乎是一怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.

[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成

[典例]

1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

[练习]翻译

1） 真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2） 似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。

__________________________________________________________________________________________

ey: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.


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