Chapter1. My Favorite Sport-Skiing
Grammar学案
一、章节分析
（一）综述
本章节主要语法---情态动词是表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气等，本身有一定的词义，这一点与实义动词相近，但情态动词不能单独作谓语, 只能辅助其他动词构成谓语。本章节语法要让学生对情态动词的基本含义，及用法有基本的了解。
（二）目标
讲解几个重点和较为常用的情态动词的相关用法。
（三）教学方法
口语情景教学法。（教师创设情境，通过对于课文和日常生活的谈论，在口头表达之中加操练态动词的运用）
（四）重点和难点
A部分的情态动词must, have to, should, ought to
二、快捷识记
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语。
1.can与could
I can do it well. 我能做好。 （表能力）
She can be free this Sunday. 她这个星期天可能有空。 (表可能性)
How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心！ （表惊异）
What you told me can’t be true. 你跟我讲的不可能是真的。 （表怀疑）
Could you give me some help? 你可以帮帮我吗？ （ 委婉提问）
2.may 与might
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ （ 表允许）
在回答may的问句时，要尽量避免直接用may或may not, 而用其他的方式来代替。
---May I come in?
--- Yes, please. 或 Certainly.等
---No, please don’t 或No, you mustn’t. “ 不行。”
He may be at home. 他可能在家。 （ 表可能，也许）
If he were here, you might get some help from him. 他要是在这儿，你或许能从他那里得到一些帮助。 （ 在虚拟条件句中表假设 ）
3.will 与would
will 表示“意志、意愿”，可用于多种人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。例如：
We will help him if he asks us to do.
Will you give him a message when you see him?
would 是 will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”， 可用于多种人称。若表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will婉转，表示现在时间。例如：
They said that they would help us.
Would you like some coffee?
4.shall 和should
在疑问句中，shall用来征询对方意见或请求指示、用于第一、三人称。
Where shall we wait for you?
Shall I start the work now?
should作为情态动词，表示“劝告、建议”，常译为“应该”。
You should keep your promise.
Young people should learn new things.
should 用于疑问句或感叹句中（表示意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”， 与how, why , who 连用。例如：
How should I know?
Who should come in but he president himself!
5. 情态动词+have done
表示“可能已经……”, “ 想必已经……”, “本来可能……”等意思,是对过去情况的判断。例如：
He must have arrived there. 他一定到那儿了。
He can have understood what you had said. 他可能已经听懂你所说的了。
You could have done it better. 你本来可以做得更好的。
We ought to have given you more help. 我们本应该给你更多帮助的。
You needn’t have told them that. 你本来不必告诉他们的。
三．随堂过关
I. 用适当的情态动词填空。
1) My friend John ____________ to smoke, but now he doesn’t.
2) --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Oh, of course you ____________.
3) She __________ bring me little presents when she came to our house.
4) If you want help, let me know, ______________ you?
5)You __________ go to Beijing by air or by train.
6)A soldier __________ shave every morning in that country.
7)--- Shall I tell John about it?
--- No, you ___________. I’ve told him already.
8)At that time they thought the story __________ be true.
9) It’s a secret. You _____________ tell other people.
10) ___________ you come a little earlier?
II. 单项选择：
1.He knew he ___________ tell her that.
A. ought not B. ought to not C. didn’t ought to D. ought not to
2.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I ________ Mr. Shen for help.
A. used to go to B. was used to go to C. would go to D. used to going to
3.Who _________ to meet us but the manager!
A. is coming B. will come C. should come D. has come
4.If we had taken the other road, we ____________ earlier.
A. might arrive B. had arrived C. might be arriving D. might have arrived
5.The boy _________ the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.
A. has finished reading B. will finish reading
C. can’t have finished reading D. can’t have finished to read
6.I was really anxious about you. You __________ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. can’t have left D. needn’t leave
7.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _________ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
8.Mr. Zhang ________ come to the party, but perhaps he will go to see his father.
A. must B. should C. may D. ought to
9.--- Must I do it now?
--- No, you __________.
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. couldn’t
10.Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on in such cold winter.
A. can B. may C. would D. must
11.This pen ______ his; he was not here in the morning.
A. mustn’t B. can not be C. should not be D. may not be
12.The book is borrowed from a friend. You ______ you children put dots and lines here and there.
A. shouldn’t be letting B. needn’t have let
C. shouldn’t have let D. ought to not have let
13.We came early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We __________.
A. should not hurry B. must not have hurried
C. need not hurry D. need not have hurried
14.He______ to speak with them but they appeared to be in a hurry.
A. would stop B. will stop C. would have stopped D. would be stopping
15.He didn’t even turn his head when I shouted at him. He _______ a deaf man.
A. is B. should C. must be D. must have been
16.The mother is telling her son, “You _______ eat with your fingers!”
A. wouldn’t B. hadn’t to C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t to
17.He was a good runner so he _______ escape from the police.
A. might be B. hadn’t C. was able to D. succeeded to
18.You __________ take your umbrella. I’m sure it won’t rain.
A. mustn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t D. shouldn’t
19.Whenever my father had time, he _______ teach me English.
A. used to B. was used to C. would D. could
20.--- Need I start from the beginning?
--- Yes, you __________.
A. need B. do C. can D. must
参考答案
I. 1. used 2. can 3. would 4. will 5. may/can
6. must 7. needn’t 8. might 9. mustn’t 10. could
II. 1---5 D C C D C 6---10 B C C B D
11---15 B C D C C 16---20 C C B C D
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