Step Ⅲ While reading
1.Scanning
Get the students to comprehend the whole scene quickly and accurately and meanwhile help them form a good habit of reading. Give the students some time to read through the scenes and then answer some questions
a.How did Henry Adams come to England?
b.Where did Henry work before? How much did he have?
c.What did the two gentlemen give Henry?
d.When can Henry open the letter.
2.After the students discuss the questions and then check the answers with the whole class.
T: Listen to the tape and try to find out the characteristics of the whole passage.
Ss: This is part of a play. So, the narration is written in the present tense.
T: OK. All of you have done a good job. Next, let’s read the scene again and do some exercises.
Step Ⅳ Post-reading
Do comprehending exercises and explain :
a.a large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal of
e.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.
b.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.
e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.
c.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do something
e.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.
d.by accident: as a result of chance
e.g. I only found it by accident.
e.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)
f.to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be frank
e.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.
Step Ⅴ Homework
1.Review the key sentences in this part
2.Preview the words in the second period.
3.Act out the play in groups
The second period: Acting
Step I Acting
T: Are you ready to act out the play now< class?
Ss: Yes.
T: Good. Let’s welcome the first group and the second group please get prepared.
…
T: Class, we should pay attention to some examples of Mark Twain’s humor in this scene, which will help us better understand the play and act it out more appropriately. Do you agree with me?
Ss: Yes, of course.
Step II Homework
Review what we learned in this unit
The Third period Watching the movie The Million Pound Banknote
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars
Teaching aims:
1. Talk about the science of stars
2. Practise giving instructions
4.Learn to use noun clauses as the subject
5.Learn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them.
6.Vocabulary: astronomy, atmosphere, violent, explode, surface, disappointed, gradually, cheer, mass, harmful, presence, in time, prevent …from… depend on, now that, get the hang of, break out
The first period Intensive reading
Step Ⅰ Presentation
T: Hello, everyone! Today we will come to Unit 4, Astronomy. Before that I have a question: where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors?
S1: Monkeys!
S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago.
S3: dinosaurs
…
T: Very good! Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?
S4: Full of water…
Bs: I don’t know.
T: Do you want to get more information?
Ss: Yes, we do.
T: Today we will learn something about how life began on earth. Turn to page 25. Let’s come to Warming up first.
Step Ⅱ Warming up
5.Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.
6.Give the students several minutes to discuss the questions.
7.Collect answers from the class.
8.Check answers while discussing.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
Get the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners. Then ask the students to tell their stories. Encourage them to tell different stories, If they don’t know any, tell them some.
T: Now discuss these questions with your partners. Then I will ask some of you to tell us your stories. Are you clear?
Ss: Yes.
a.Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Give an example if you know.
b.Do you know what a scientific idea is?
Read some stories to the students.
Pangu separates the sky from the earth;
The Biblical Account;
India;
Japan;
Europe;
Step Ⅳ Reading
1.Scanning
Get the students to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading. Give the students a couple of minutes to look throuth the whole passage. Tell them to read silently and then ask some detailed questions about the text. Encourage them to express their ideas.
T: We are going to learn a passage about how life began on the earth. Now read the text quickly and then answer my questions.
a.What was there on the earth before life began?
b.Why do scientist think there has never been life on the moon?
c.Why do animals first appear in the sea?
d.Why do green plants help life to develop?
e.Why were mammals different from other animals?
Discuss the answers with the whole class.
2.Skimming
In this part, students will read the text again and finish part 1,2,3
T: Now skim the passage fast to finish part1,2,3,4 Then we will check the answers together.
Key to part 1: DBIGEHACFJ
Discuss the rest with the students.
Step Ⅴ Listening
Listen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.
T: Read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your book closed.
a.How did water come into being on the earth?
b.Why is water important on earth?
Step Ⅵ Language points
T: Turn to page 25. Let’s look at the sentences:
a.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.
Which leads non-restrictive attributive clause.
in time: sooner or later; eventually
I will see him in time.
In time ( for sth/to do sth): not late
She will be back in time to prepare dinner.
In/out of time: in/not in the correct time
The audience clapped in time to the music.
b.Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going around the sun.
Be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways
City life is quite different from country life.
c.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
To come: serves as attributive
She is the last person to do such a thing.
Depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
d.Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
Now that: because of the fact that
Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
Now that you have grown up, you can decide it by yourself.
Step Ⅶ Homework
1.Retell the passage
2.Remember important language points
The second period Language study
Step Ⅰ Revision
1.Check retelling of the passage
2.Translate the following sentences.
a.你迟早会成功的.
b.我的车与你的不一样.
c.站在门旁边的那个人是谁?
d.他总是第一个来,最后一个走.
e.既然你已经长大了,你自己决定吧.
Suggested answers:
a.You will succeed in time.
b.My car is different from yours.
c.Who is the person standing by the door?
d.He is always the first to come and the last to go.
e.Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.
Step Ⅱ Word study
This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the students to do the exercises individually.
a.Page 27. First let students finish part 1,2
b.Check the answers with the whole class.
c.Give students 3minutes to finish part 3.
d.Let the students read part 4 for a while and finish it.
e.Turn to page 63. First let the students finish 1and 2 and check the answers.
Step Ⅲ Preparation
Show some sentences on the blackboard.
a.A tree has fallen across the road.
b.You are a student.
c.To find your way can be a problem.
d.Smoking is bad for you.
e.“How do you do?” is a greeting.
f.What she said is not yet known.
g.That we shall be late is certain.
h.It’s certain that we shall be late .
T: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.
Step Ⅳ Grammar
1.Give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage. The collect answers from the class.
2.Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause. Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences.
3.Turn to page 64. Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.
4.Have a discussion in pairs. The topic is My dream. One talks about the problems in his study or life, another gives some advice. Remind the students to use the following structures
a.My problem is…
b.My trouble is…
c.The question is…
d.My advice is…
e.What I think about it is…
f.The fact is…
g.My suggestion is…
Step ⅤHomework
1.Finish part 3(P23)
2.Finish part 3(P64)
Added material:
什么是黑洞？
就是在宇宙中有那么一些点，这些点的体积趋向于零而密度变得无穷大，由于具有强大的吸引力，物体只要进入离这个点一定距离的范围内，就会被这个强大的引力吸收掉，连光线也不例外。因此任何进入这个范围的物体都无法再逃出来，就是说，没有任何信号能够从这个范围内传出，因此这个范围的界限被称作视界，里面的情形人类无法看到。所以科学家给它起了个名字叫黑洞，英文就是black hole。 一颗燃烧尽了的恒星由于自身的重力而不断坍缩，最后就会形成黑洞。
历时30年霍金改观点 称黑洞能“吸”能“吐”
从事宇宙黑洞研究近三十年的世界天体物理学泰斗斯蒂芬?霍金在前不久承认“黑洞悖论”有误之后，21号，他在爱尔兰都柏林举行的一个学术研讨会上终于就自己的新发现向外界进行了详细阐述。
黑洞是宇宙中引力极强的区域。19世纪70年代，霍金首次提出黑洞能够辐射能量的理论，但是在引入这一理论的同时，霍金也制造了物理学上的一个巨大难题，因为他认为
黑洞辐射不包含以前吸入物质的相关信息，而且随着黑洞的消失，曾经存在的黑洞的相关信息也会消失于无形。这与量子力学中认为物质信息不会完全消失的理论相矛盾。对此，过去近30年来，霍金的解释是：黑洞中的量子运动是一种特殊情况，这种说法受到了许多科学家的质疑。
如今，霍金终于改变了观点，在当天召开的学术研讨会上，霍金说，根据他的最新发现，黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外，在经过一段相当漫长的时间后，黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。
霍金的最新阐述被不少人称为黑洞理论的一个重要逆转。美国加州理工学院的理论物理学家约翰?普雷斯基就是其中之一。20多年前，霍金提出黑洞辐射理论时，普雷斯基就一直坚持物质信息不会完全消失，当时两人还因此打赌。所以，在当天结束演讲后，霍金将一本百科全书赠予普雷斯基，作为打赌输了的代价，而普雷斯基则获得了全场的热烈掌声。
Black holes
(1) What is a black hole? Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape---- not even light. So we can't see a black hole. A black hole experts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space ---- or so we think . how can this happen?
(2) The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. Form earth , a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernovae were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star--- a star , whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the " event horizon." We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
(3) For example , if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena , so that there is no " absolute" time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought t be in the Milky way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.
(4) The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests ,are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force , be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
(5) The story of black holes is just beginning . Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center on our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers .they show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer for the following questions
1) Black holes are related to ____
A.geography B. astronomy C. physics D. economic
2) A black hole is ____
A.a dark star B. a large heavenly body
C. a region of space D. a great mass of matter
3) what causes some stars to explode, theoretically speaking ?
A. their density B. their gravity. C. their movement D. their light
4) Scientists call the area around the black hole ____.
A.a White Dwarf B. a supernova
C. the event horizon D. the star of Bethlehem
5) according to Einstein's relativity theory, there is no "absolute " time and space. Is it true or false?
A. true B. false
6) which of the following statements is not true? The story of black holes in space____
A. is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers
B. has to some extent been proved by research into binary star system
C. is questioning our basic idea of space and time
D. Sounds like science fiction
7) according to the passage , our earth may be swallowing by the black hole one day, is it true or false ?
A.true B. false
8) according to the passage , the human being one day may make use of the energy of black hole by advanced technology. Is it true or false?
A. true B. false
Unit 5 Canada---The true north
Teaching aims:
1.Talk about the basic information about Canada.
2.Learn how to read a traveling report and use maps.
3.Learn to express locations and directions.
4.Master the noun clauses--- appositive clause
5.Vocabulary: minister, continent, surround, dawn, booth, slightly, settle down, have a gift for, figure out, as far as, all the way, rather than
The first period
Step Ⅰ Revision
1.Check the students’ homework
2.Check the assignment.
Step ⅡLead-in and warming up
Show the students the maple flag and ask them some questions.
T: Do you know which country uses this national flag?
Ss: Canada.
T: What continent is Canada in?
Ss: In North America.
T: How large is it?
Ss: It is the second largest country in the world.
T: Yes. It occupies an area of 9,984,670 square kilometers. It is a bit bigger than China. Which country is its neighbor?
Ss: The United States.
(Show a map of Canada to the students)
T. Right. The United States is . Canada is a beautiful country. First let’s have a quiz and see how much do you know about Canada.
( Give the Ss one minute to finish the quiz.)
T: OK. Time is up. Let’s check the answers.
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
T: Now I want to ask you a question: Do you like travelling?
Ss: Yes.
T: I know most of you do. So have you ever been abroad?
Ss: Yes/No.
T: What’s the longest trip you have ever taken?
…
T: Very good. If we want to make our motherland more beautiful and more developed, we should know more about other countries. Here are two questions, you may ask your partner for answers and give your answers to him/her.
a.If you take a trip to Canada, what do you expect to see?
b.What three words would you use to describe Canada?
(Ask some pairs to tell their ideas to their classmates.)
Step Ⅳ Fast reading
Get the students to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading.
T: Do you feel puzzled when you read the title? What is the true north? Now read the passage and get the general idea of the passage. Underline the main places mentioned in the text.
Give the Ss 5 minutes for reading.
a.What the passage is mainly about?
b.What are the main places mentioned in the text?
c.Draw the traveling route of the two girls on the map.
T: Do you have any difficulty in reading? Now let’s discuss some difficult points together.
Step Ⅴ Homework
1.Remember the underlined sentence.
2.Write a short passage to report what Li Daiyu and Liu Qian saw in Canada.
The second period
Step ⅠRevision
1. Have a dictation.
2. Ask two students to write on the blackboard.
3. Ask one student to make a short report.
Step Ⅱ Lead-in
T: Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were on the train yesterday. The train rushed across the top of the Lake Superior. Which is the next city it runs towards?
Ss: Toronto.
T: Toronto is an important city. It is the finance center of Canada. It has rich popular arts and culture. How much do you know about Toronto?
Ss: There are Chinatowns where you can buy Chinese medicine.
T: Quite right. Do you want to know more about Toronto?
Ss: Yes.
Step Ⅲ Reading
T: Read the passage on 38. In this passage, you can learn a lot about Toronto, and Montreal, which is Canada’s second largest city. I will give you four minutes to read the passage, then answer the questions on 37?38.
Four minutes later, check the answers with the class.
Step Ⅳ Intensive reading(reading task)
T: Read the passage and fill in the chart using the information of the text.
Points in the passageWhat Beth thoughtInformation in passage
The temperature
How to travel
Holidays
How people live
What the Inuit do
Daylight hours
T: You can have a discussion with your partner.
Step Ⅴ Discussion
T: We have known a lot about Canada. Now let’s compare China with Canada.
Same as China Different from China
Large landSix time area
Weather is different from area to area, long and hard winterNo places as hot as south china
Different people speak different languagesCanada has two official languages, smaller population
Many rivers and lakesWorld famous rivers and lakes
Much coal, oil gas and other natural resourcesMuch fresh water, a lot of forest
Step Ⅵ Homework
2.Read the two passages again and find the main characters of Toronto, Montreal and Iqaluit.
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