定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容,也是高考中常考查的一个考点。掌握定语从句的用法,必须突破以下六道难关:
一、选准关系代词和关系副词
在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如:
(1)I still remember the days which / that we spent together.
(2)I still remember the days when we worked together.
二、了解仅用that引导限制性定语从句的几种情况
that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:
1.先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy?
2.先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等限定词修饰时。例如:
These are all the pictures that I have seen.
This is the very dictionary that is of great help.
3.先行词既指人又指物时。例如:
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.
4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如:
Our school is not the one that it used to be.
5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:
This is the best English film that I have ever seen.
The first English novel that I read was A 高二 Tale of Two Cities.
6.主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。例如:
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如:
That is the reason for which he was late for school.
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.
注意:
1.定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如:
This is the key which you are looking for.
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2.该结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。
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