2012届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版选修八odule 4
知识详解
① oppose　vt.　反对，阻碍；与……对抗
(回归本P53)．..meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.
……它的意思是：我们将反对对黑人的歧视并将阻止美国人民之间的冲突。
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①Father does not oppose the idea at all.
父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。
②The planned new airport will be strongly opposed by the residents.
修建新机场的计划将会遭到当地居民的强烈反对。
③(牛津P1400)I would oppose changing the la
我将反对改变这个法规。
④Students talk about the pop stars’ private life as opposed to their public life after class.
学生们后谈论明星们的私生活而非他们的社会生活。
【易混辨析】
resist，object，oppose
三者都含有“反抗”的意思
(1)resist指“积极的反抗、对抗”，“用武力阻止前进”。后跟doing sth.。
(2)object常指“用言论或论据等表示抗议或反对。”后跟to (doing) sth.。
(3)oppose为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动，尤指反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。
①She objects to being scolded in public.
②I was unable to resist laughing.
③A local group oppose the plan for environmental reasons.
【即境活用】
1.embers of the council ________ the building of the luxury houses in the centre of the city.
A．imposed　　　　　 B．posed
C．composed D．opposed
解析：选D。oppose“反对”，符合题意。impose“欺骗；施加影响，强加”；pose“姿势”；compose“写作”。
2．(温州模拟)She was on a diet，but she couldn’t ________ eating sweet food.
Consequently，her weight was gained again.
A．remove B．resist
C．reject D．object
解析：选B。句意为“她在减肥，但是抵抗不住吃甜食。因此体重又增加了。”can’t resist doing sth.情不自禁地做某事。
②convinced　adj.　确信的；相信的
(回归本P51)Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future...
专家们确信这在未会发生的……
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①I’ve been trying to convince Jean to come with me.
我一直设法说服吉恩跟我一起。
②I’m convinced of his honesty.
我相信他是诚实的。
③I’m not convinced that your idea will work.
我不相信你的意见是可行的。
【即境活用】
3.Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
A．of；at　　　　　　　B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
解析：选C。convince意为“说服，确信”，与介词of连用，意为“使(人)承认或信服”；effect意为“作用，功效”，与介词on连用，意为“对……有影响”。
4．(湖北天门中学模拟)Whatever he explained，he couldn’t ________ the policeman that he was innocent.
A．confirm B．present
C．convince D．admit
解析：选C。本题考查动词辨析。句意为“无论他说什么，他都无法让警察确信他是无辜的。”
③acquire　vt.　得到，获得
(回归本P51)New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.
新的方言不断获取自身复杂的特征，直到他们成为不再依赖(英语)的真正的语言。
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.
我们逐步获得了做这项工作的经验。
②She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
她在没有老师指导的情况下，掌握了英语语法，学到了大量词汇。
【易混辨析】
acquire，gain，obtain
(1)acquire 多指经过一段时间的艰苦努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一经获得就很难失去，如知识等。
(2)gain 常指强有力的夺取，也可指渐渐获得某物的过程。
(3)obtain 是较正式用语,常指“通过努力工作、奋力拼搏或请求而得到所需的东西”。
①She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study.
②I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
③The country gained its independence ten years ago.
【即境活用】
5．r.Smith gradually ________ knowledge of the subject by constant study.
A．inquired　　　　　　B．needed
C．required D．acquired
解析：选D。句意：史密斯先生通过不断学习逐渐获得这门学科的知识。acquire在此表示“获得”，符合句意。
6.Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an ________ taste and are not in born.
A．gained B．developed
C．acquired D．grown
解析：选C。句意是：抽烟喝酒往往是一种后习得的嗜好，并不是生就有的。acquire有“学成；养成”之意。
④tell...apart　把……区分开
(回归本P44)It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.
要将英国英语和美国英语分辨开也很容易。
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①Can you tell the twin brothers apart?
你能分得清这两个孪生兄弟吗？
②It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society.
在社会上辨别出真假朋友对我们说是非常重要的。
③The kittens looked exactly alike—how could you tell which was which?
这些小猫看上去一模一样——你怎么能分辨出哪只是哪只呢？
④To tell the truth，I do knohere he has gone.
说实话，我的确知道他去了哪里。
【即境活用】
7.The two paintings look so much alike that I can’t ________ the authentic painting ________ the modern copy.
A．tell；from　　　　　B．tell；of
C．tell；apart D．tell；off
解析：选A。句意：这两幅画这么相似，以至于我分辨不出真品和仿制品。此题考查tell不同搭配的用法。tell A from B“区分A和B”；tell sb.of/about sth.“告诉某人有关某事”；tell sth. apart“区分某物”；tell sb.off for sth.“为某事斥责某人”。
8．(东枣庄模拟)I could ________ he was surprised from the expression on his face.
A．look B．say
C．watch D．tell
解析：选D。本题考查动词辨析。tell在此表示“说出；判断出”的意思。句意为“从他脸上的表情我能认识到他很吃惊。”
look“看”；say“说话”；watch“观看”。
⑤get down to　开始做某事
(回归本P53)Thus，to talk turkey means to get down to business.
因此，to talk turkey意思是开始做生意。
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①He got down to his work after the holidays.
度假之后他开始工作。
②Let’s get down to our business.
咱们开始干正事吧。
③After supper，they got down to having a meeting.
晚饭后，他们召开了一个会议。
④How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这事的重要性？
⑤(朗P866)The three men got away in a stolen car.
那三个人乘坐一辆偷的汽车逃跑了。
⑥The whole village was involved with getting the harvest in.
整个村庄都在收割庄稼。
【即境活用】
9.The final examination is coming up soon.It’s time for us to ________ our studies.
A．get down to　　　　　 B．get through
C．get back for D．get over
解析：选A。get dwon to sth.表示“开始做某事”。句意：期末考试马上就到了，我们该开始认真学习了。
10．(江西省十校一模)—Better get down to your work，Jack.
—________.
A．It’s my pleasure
B．Not to mention it
C．ind your own business
D．You’re welcome
解析：选C。本题考查情景交际。第一句话是劝对方“最好开始工作(别再玩了)。”答语C表示“少管闲事(别管我的事)”。其他三个选项都是对感谢的回应。
⑥let sb.down　使某人失望
(回归本P53) With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.
“With friends like these，who needs enemies？”意思是“你的朋友辜负了你的信任或者让你失望。”
【归纳总结】
【例句探】
①Let down the rope so that I can climb up.
把绳子放下我好爬上去。
②I’m counting on you to support me—don’t let me dwon.
我指望你支持我呢——别让我失望。
③(朗P1180)These curtains let in too much light.
这些窗帘太透光。
④The man let off a bomb in the crowd，causing 12 people dead at least.
那个人在人群中引爆了炸弹，至少导致12个人死亡。
⑤I’ll never tell you another secret if you let this one out.
假如你把这个机密泄漏出去，有秘密的事我再也不告诉你了。
⑥I wouldn’t speak to him，let alone trust him and lend him some money.
我理都不愿理他，更谈不上信任他，把钱借给他了。
【即境活用】
11．The news of the famous singer’s absence has really ________ his fans ________.
A．taken；out　　　　　B．helped；out
C．given；off D．let；down
解析：选D。句意：那位著名歌星缺席的消息真让他的歌迷失望。用let sb.down表示“使某人失望”。
12.I’m badly ________，for there is no one that can be relied on.
A．let down B．let on
C．let out D．let off
解析：选A。考查短语动词辨析和句意理解。句意：我非常失望，因为这里没有可以依靠的人。let down“使失望”；let on“泄露”；let out“使出去”；let off“原谅，不惩罚”，只有A项符合题意。
句型梳理
①【教材原句】　Perhaps correctness doesn’t matter—as long as speakers can understand each other—it’s communication that counts.
(P44)
也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
【句法分析】　(1)只要……引导条状语从句,从句中一般用现在时代替将时。
①You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。
②I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain.
只要不下雨就行了。
③As long as you drive carefully，you will be very safe.
如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。
(2)长达……：
④This line is four times as long as that one.
这条线是那条线的四倍长。
(3)on condition that 只要，条是
as far as 远至；就……的限度
as good as 和……一样好；几乎
as well as 和……一样好；和，既……又……
⑤Ron lent me the money on condition that I pay it back next month.罗恩把钱借给我，条是下月归还。
【即境活用】
13.________ good service is provided the small motels will continue to have people who choose to stay in them rather than in the big ones.
A．As much as　　　 B．As long as
C．As soon as D．As far as
解析:选B。句意：只要有好的服务，小型的汽车旅馆会继续吸引那些宁愿选择住小旅馆而不住大旅馆的人。as long as 只要；as much as 尽可能多；as soon as 一……就；as far as远到。
14．(重庆一模)________ he works hard,
I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
A．As long as B．As well as
C．So far as D．As soon as
解析：选A。句意为“只要他努力工作，我并不在意他什么时候把实验做完。”as long as 引导条状语从句。
②【教材原句】　In this sense everybody’s use of language—whether English，Chinese，or any other—is different.(P44)
从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语或者任何其他语言——都是不一样的。
【句法分析】1)whether English，Chinese，or any other在句中作插入语，用对所要表达的内容进行解释或补充，插入语可用破折号分开，也可用逗号隔开。
①He asked the people present，whether men or women，to keep it secret.
他要求在场的人，无论男女，要保守秘密。
②Pearls，either big or small，are very expensive.
珍珠有大有小，但都非常珍贵。
③This is the last chance，I am afraid，that you can win over them.恐怕这是你能战胜他们的最后机会了。
2)whether...or 还可以引导从句。
(1)不管……还是……。引导让步状语从句。
④Playing football is a popular game，whether to men or women.
踢足球是一项受人欢迎的运动，不管对于男子还是女子。
(2)是……还是……。引导名词性从句。
⑤y doubt is whether the weather will be fine or not tomorro我的怀疑是明天天气是好还是坏。
【即境活用】
15．I don’t quite share with you some views on the matter—________—these are too strange.
A．to be honest　　　B．believe it or not
C．in other words D．what’s more
解析：选A。句意：在这事上，我与你的某些观点不太一致，老实说，这些观点太奇怪了。to be honest在句中作插入语，意为“老实说，说实话”。
16.All people，________ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A．even if B．whether
C．no matter D．however
解析：选B。句意是：自从灾难发生以，所有的人们，不管是老人还是年轻人，不管是富人还是穷人，都一直在努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。even if即使；whether...or.... 不管……还是……；no matter后接疑问词时，表示“不管……”；however“无论多么……”。

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