M8U1 The written word 单元学案
第一部分：重点归纳
I. 知识点罗列：
1) appreciate vt. (appreciation)
2) replace v. = to take the place of
3) spare v. & adj. ~ no efforts ~ sb. time ~ room ~ time
4. works n.
5) resist v. ~ temptation. ~ laughing (reistance)
6) recommend v. ~ sth. / sth. to sb. ~ that-clause (should + v.)
7) different adj. different kinds of be ~ from (difference; differently)
8) reminder n. (remind sb. of sth. remind sb. to do remind sb. that-clause)
9) end v. ~ sth. ~…with ~ in ~ up with in the ~ at the ~ of by the ~ of
come to an ~ bring sth. to an ~ carry sth. through to the ~
put an ~ to sth. or put sth. to an ~
10. lead v. ~ a happy life / ~ a life of lead to ~ sb. to do sth. ~ sb. + prep
in the ~ take the ~
II. Useful phrases:
1. the antiques of the literary world文学界的遗产2. be left to gather dust尘封不动
3. an old ?fashioned film过时的电影4. an award-winning film 获奖电影
5. best-known works知名著作6. be based on以…为根据
7. a place in the world在世界上有一定的地位8. be make into sth制成…
9 . would rather do sth than do sth宁愿做..而不愿做…. 10. at a time 一次
11. in the early 1800s十九世纪早期 12. at one time一度
13. on stage在舞台上 14. be set in 以…为背景
15. set sb free from…把某人从…中解放出来16. add… to..把…加到…
17. have prejudice against sb.对某人有偏见 18. add to增添
19. fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到您19. add up to加起来一共
20. an educated person一个受良好教育的人21.before long不久
22. be bent on doing sth.决心做…22. be seen as…被看成是
23. take sb to court把..送上法庭 24. be forced to do sth被迫做….
25. make sth out of…用…制成… 26. serve as充当
27. be filled with sorrow满是愧疚 28.have a talent for有…才能
29. pin sth to sth把…别到… 30get caught被抓住
31. have talent for…有…天赋 32. at the sight of…一看到
33. let out a sad sigh长叹一声 34. a deal of 大量
35. encourage sb to do sth.鼓励某人做… 36. give away泄露
37.a dash of一点儿 38. earn one’s living谋生
39. shorten one’s life夭折40. at the age of在…岁
41. mourn one’s death悼念亡人42. donate … to …把…捐献给…
43. the monument to sb. 某人的纪念碑44. tend to do sth有做…的趋势
45. be intended to do sth. 是用来做… 46..consist of构成
III. Important sentences:
1) This makes them difficult for some people to read and the classics are left to gather dust on shelves.
2) Pip dislike it when Joe comes to visit him in London.
3) He pities Oliver, takes him home, and tries to reform him.
IV. Grammar and Usage:
1. They might not (mightn’t) have been written last year.
2. It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.
3. I wonder whether /if I shouldn’t bring an umbrella.
4. Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say.
第二部分：练习
I. 单项选择
1. Nobody_________ throw away rubbish everywhere!
A. can B. need C. shall D. will
2. --Do you think the rain will affect the football match?
-- The players are used to such rainy weather, so it _______ make any difference to them.
A. shan’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
3. I tried to persuade him not to smoke, but he _________ listen to me.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. had better notD. used to
4. When we got to the cinema, the film hasn’t started yet, so we ___________
A. needn’t hurry B. didn’t need hurry
C.needn’t to hurry D. needn’t have hurried
5. _____ our team defeated theirs was not surprising.
A. WhatB. Whether C. That D. Which
6. Little Jim should love ______to the cinema this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
7. Premier Zhou ______to be unforgettable in the hearts of Chinese people.
A.proved B. regardedC. thoughtD. considered
8. I have no doubt ______we shall be able to do something for you.
A.whether B. that C. when D. if
9. The experiment, though they had tried their best, ______ to be a failure.
A. turned up B. turned outC. turned in D. turned on
10. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
11. Isn’t it time you _____down to ______ the papers?
A get, mark B. get ,be marked C. got, being marked D. got, marking
12. With the food ___________ good, it was sold out soon.
A. to taste B. taste C. tasting D. tasted
13. It’s no longer a question now ___________ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
14. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _______ harm them.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than
15. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ______his teacher’s proper instructions.
A. shouldn’t have followed B. shouldn’t follow
C. mustn’t have followed D. hadn’t followed
16. The great changes _____ have taken place _____ carrying out the economic reform in our country.
A. may not; unless B. never ; but for C could not; without D. would, bedsides
17. I didn’t expect you can finish the work in three days, ____________
A. don’t I B. do I C. can you D. can’t you
18. Sean’s strong love for his countries is ___________ in his recently published poems.
A. relieved B. reflected C. responded D. recovered
19. There have been several new events ___________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games
A. add B. to add C adding D. added
20. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _____ healthy eating habit.
A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise
21. --- Is this raincoat yours? ---- No, mine ____ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
22. It is staying up late last night that _______ my being late for work.
A. got to B. ended up with C. devoted to D. led to
23. If I drive in this city myself, I’ll probably get lost because I haven’t got ___ good sense of ___ direction.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. the; a
24. ____ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants of genes in human body.
A. Exposed B. Being exposed C. Having exposed D. After being exposed
25 ? Have you _____ some new idea ? -- Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
26. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ________.
A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached
27. House prices have increased greatly and they are ______ the reach of those with average incomes. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
28. Although the old sofa ______ too much space, they still held on it for future use.
A. took up B. took over C. took place D. took on
29. Their theory ______ to be right after many experiments.
A. is proved B. proved C. proving D. was proved
30. The old man insisted that I ____ his wallet and that I ____ with him to the police station.
A. take, go B. had taken, go C. took, go D. had taken, went
31. With all the money ____ out, he had to go hungry.
A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run
32. It’s reported that it will be many years _____ scientists find the solution to this problem.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
33. It is clear that the Japanese Prime Minister’s constant visits to the Yasukuni War Shrine（靖国神社）have ______ the disaster of Sino-Japan relationship.
A. resulted from B. contributed to C. stood for D. concentrated on
34. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____ Great Britain. A. twice big as B. as twice big as
C. three times the size as D. three times the size of
35. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
36. You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and ______.
A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day.
C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow
37.-- ____ you _____ him around the museum yet ? --- Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
38. ____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling $21,000.
A. Judging from B. Having judged the best
C. Judging the best D. Judged the best
39. ? Do you think the housing price will keep ____ in the years to come ?
--- Sorry, I have no idea.
A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up
40. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ___ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
II. 填空
A.
1. Martin Luther King is considered a hero because he spent his whole life fighting against racial p____________.
2. The girl and her best friend were both t________ and nervous about the results of the examination.
3. The panda is an example of an animal n______________ to China.
4. There is much u____________ about the company’s future because the director is retiring this year.
5. My English teacher that my composition was too long and that I had to s___________ it.
6. All of China m __________ when Zhou Enlai died.
7. By planting trees, we t___________ the desert into an oasis.
8. Many young people prefer to live and work in Shanghai, a typical u_________ area in China.
9. Few people in the world find success easily or o_____________.
10. Mother Teressa, who won the Nobel Peace Prize, has earned her r___________ for kind help to the poor people in India.
11. I don’t think classics are o__________ and boring and have nothing to do with life today.
12. Kent is a constant r__________ of Pip’s shabby beginnings, so he made a decision to move from it to the bright lights of London without any __________(同伴).
13. Pip changes from a pleasant young man into a very _________(浅薄的) one.
14. Holding the __________（自制的）soccer gently in his hands, Kevin sat down on the old bench and waited.
15. He experiences an _____________(不正常的) childhood without any parents.
B
1. The newspaper says that the newly released album ________ _________ _________ and has become best-seller of the month.
报纸上说这个新专辑受到好评, 成了这个月的畅销品.
2. Mary’s being hurt ________ ________ the uncertainty of our winning the game.
玛丽受伤了, 这增加了我们在比赛中获胜的不确定性.
3. If you want to _________ _________ _______ in the IT business you will have to
___________ your efforts.如果你想在IT产业界获得一席之地, 就得加倍努力.
4. Painkillers have ___________ ___________, so you should only take one pill _________ _________ __________.止痛药有副作用,一次应该只吃一片.
5. As a mother, she ________ _________ _________ _____________ __________ any harm come to her child.
作为一位母亲,她情愿自己挨饿也不愿孩子受到任何的伤害
6. Do you see the new building over there? We _______ it _______ ________our new laboratory.你看到那边的新楼了吗?那将是我们的新实验楼.
7. Pip is ______ _______ _______ an educated person. Pip决心要做一个有教养的人.
8. Kevin _________ ________ _________ __________ at the sight of his old ball, and __________ _________ a sad sigh.
Kevin一看到他的旧足球, 叹了一口气,充满了愧疚.
9. Mike __________ _________ __________ ___________soccer.
Mike在足球方面没什么天赋.
10. Mike _________ a ball ________ ________ old socks ___________ _________. a piece of plastic. Mike在旧袜子上裹了一块塑料纸做了一只足球.
第三部分：练习答案
I. 单项选择
1-5 CBADC 6-10AABBD 11-15DCACD 16-20CCBDB
21-25ADABC 26-30BCABB 31-35BCBDA 36-40BADBA
II. 填空
A.
1. prejudice 2.tense 3.native 4.uncertainty 5.shorten 6.mourned
7.transformed 8.urban 9.overnight 10. reputation 11.old-fashioned
12.reminder ,companions 13shallow 14.home-made 15. abnormal
B
1. was well received 2. added to 3. have a place ;double 4.side effects, at a time
5. would rather starve than see 6. tend, to be 7. is bent on becoming
8. was filled with sorrow, let out a sad sigh 9. has little talent for
10. made out of, covered with
Module8 unit2
Reading
1.universal adj 普遍的，共通的，公认的，宇宙的。
War causes universal misery. 战争造成了普遍的痛苦。
Television provides universal entertainment。 电视提供了大众娱乐。
a universal rule 普遍适用的规则。
2.star. vt. star (in sth) be a star ( in a play, film, etc.)在（戏剧，电影中）担任主角，主演
She is to star in a new film .她将主演一部新影片。
star sb. (in sth) present sb. As a star, feature sb.使某人担任主演，由某人主演。
My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe.
我最喜欢的电影由玛丽?梦露主演。
The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film.
这位导演想让麦克尔。凯恩主演他的新片子。
stardom n.明星或主演的地位，身份。
3.cast vt. (pt ,pp. cast) give (an actor ) a part in a play由……主演，使……成为明星，由……担任主角
cast sb.(as sb) , cast sb. (in sth)
He was cast as Othello/ in the role of Othello.
他将被选派担任奥赛罗这一角色。
4.outdoor adj [attr 作定语]of used in, done in or existing in the open air(outside a building or a house) 户外的，户外用的，露天的
outdoor activities 户外活动
outdoor clothing 户外穿的衣服
outdoor sport 户外运动
outdoors adv.在户外 ，在露天，在外面
Indoor adj. Indoors adv.
5.be drunk with 醉心于……，沉溺于…… 由于…… 而忘乎所以
It’s reported that many middle school students are drunk with playing computer games.
The young couple were drunk with their happy and peaceful life.
6.dare vi (with or without to)，1)（用或不用 to,）敢于，敢 胆敢。
He didn’t dare (to) go
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.
I’ve never dared (to ) ask him
2) Take the risk of, face。 敢冒（危险）：面对；不惧
He will dare any danger. 他敢冒任何危险。
3）dare sb (to do sth.) challenge; suggest that sb has not the courage or ability to do sth. 挑激，暗示某人无勇气或能力做某事。
I dare you to say that again! 我谅你也不敢再说这样的话。
He dares me to jump from the bridge into the river.他激将我从桥上跳到河里。
daring n冒险精神，勇气，勇敢
lose one’s daring 失去勇气
adj. brave.勇敢的。胆大的
a daring robbery.胆大的抢劫
What a daring thing to do!这真是件有胆量的人做的事。
7.exercise. vt. employ, make use of 应用，运用
exercise control over.对 …..实施.控制 ，控制
exercise patience 运用耐心
exercise authority over sb 对.……使用权威
exercise one’s rights行使权 利
8.break one’s promise 食言， 收回承诺。
keep one’s promise遵守诺言。
9.recite vt背诵，朗诵；叙述，描述，列举，一一说出。
He recited his poem in front of the whole class.
他当着全班的面背诵了他自己的一首诗。
The mayo recited to the Queen a long and tedious speech of welcome
市长向女王背诵了一篇又长又臭的欢迎词。
recite one’s grievances 描述某人的苦难。
recite the names of all the capital cities of Europe
列举欧洲各国的首都的名字
10.terrify vt .(pt,pp terrified)fill with fear.使恐怖，使惊恐。
The child was terrified of being left alone in the house.
那孩子因为一个人在家而感到害怕。
She was terrified out of her wits.
她吓的魂不附体
What a terrifying experience!
多可怕的一次经历！
terrifying adj terrified adj
11.torture vt.＆n cause severe suffering to 使受剧烈痛苦，折磨。
Many of the prisoners have been tortured.
许多囚犯都被刑讯逼供过。
Don’t torture yourself by thinking those unpleasant things.
别再想那些不愉快的事情来折磨你自己了。
torture a man to make him confess sth.
拷打一个人使其招供
Recently he was tortured with great anxiety.
最近他为烦恼所苦。
torture n.拷打，拷问，酷刑逼供；（精神或肉体上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦
The confession was made under torture.
这份供词是严刑逼供得来的。
A whole day without chocolate must be torture for you。
一整天没有巧克力吃肯定让你难受。
12.stage. vt put on the stage, put before the public.
To stage ‘Hamlet’
上演‘哈姆雷特’
This drama was well/badly staged
这剧本适合/不适合上演。
The group of students staged a drama written by themselves.
这群学生把自己写的戏剧搬上了舞台。
13.condemn vt 1）say that sb is ,or has done, wrong or that sth is wrong, faulty of unfit for use 责备，责难，谴责 指摘，指…..为不当
condemn sb for sth
We all condemn cruelty to children
我们都一致谴责虐待儿童。
Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour.
每个人都责备他愚蠢的行为。
The newspapers condemned the Prime minister for his attitude toward the event.各报纸因为首相对此事的态度而责难他。
2）(legal) give judgement against condemn sb (to) （法律）判罪；处刑
condemn a murder to life imprisonment.
判凶手无期徒刑
be condemned to death被处死
Sentences and phrases in the text.
1.line 5 He likes East Asia very much and also wrote Madam Butterfly, which is set in Japan.
他非常喜欢东亚，还创作了以日本为背景的《蝴蝶夫人》。
be set in 以……为背景.
The story was set in Britain of the 19th century.
这个故事以19世纪的英国为背景。
2．Line10. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City ? there could not be a better setting.
想想在紫禁城里上演这部戏剧吧----- 不可能有比这更好的场景了！
1) imagine doing sth.想象做……
2) there could not be a better setting. 不可能有比这更好的场景了！
Eg. I could not agree more. 我非常同意你。
You could not find a better friend than him.你不能找到一个比他更好的朋友了。（他是你能找到的最好的朋友）
3.line27 Turandot is desperate to learn his name and threatens and terrifies liu because she knows his name.
图兰朵不顾一切的想知道卡拉夫的名字，她威胁恐吓柳儿，因为柳儿知道卡拉夫的名字。
be desperate to do不顾一切的做…… be dying/hungry/thirsty to do .
4.line31. Then Calaf says his own name aloud, leaving his future in Turandot’s hands.
然后卡拉夫大声的说出了自己的名字，把自己的未来托付给图兰朵的手上。
leave sth in one’s hands把……托付到某人的手上。
Eg. We should leave our happiness in someone else’s hands.
5 line39 the production combined the very best of Western and Chinese talents in music ,tagging and directing.
这次演出结合了中西方最优秀的音乐，演艺及导演人才。
Combine the very best of A ,B,and C 结合了A,B,C的优点
6.line47. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the location for a beautiful and heartbreaking love story.
但是，在这次精彩的演出中，它变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的故事的发生地。
transform sth (into sth) change the shape ,appearance, quality or nature of
eg. Success and wealth transformed his character
a caterpillar(毛虫) is transformed into a butterfly

Grammar
1．Privilege n. 特别待遇，特权
Education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
教育应当是全民的权利，而是某部分人特别享有的。
You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
你可以享有俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。
privileged adj. 有特权的，受特别优待的
Those in authority were in a privileged position.
有地位自有特权。
She comes from a privileged background.
她出身特权阶层。
2．desire n./vi./ vt. 愿望；渴望；欲望
n.a strong desire for power. 强烈的权利欲
Enough money to satisfy all your desires足够的钱来满足你所有的欲望。
She felt an overwhelming desire to return home.
have desire to do 渴望做某事
v. We all desire health and happiness.
The house had everything you could desire.要什么有什么。
3．hire vt. 雇佣，租用，出租
The young couple hired a wedding dress.
hire a car/room/video /a lawyer/consultant …聘请律师/顾问
She was hired three years ago. 她是三年前录用的。
He does the hiring and firing in our company.
他在我们负责员工的辞退的录用。
4.performer n表演者
Performance n. 表演，演出
The performance starts at seven.
an evening performance 晚场演出
Perform v.做，执行，履行； 演出
To perform an experiment/ a miracle/ a ceremony
做实验/创奇迹/举行仪式
I’d like to hear it performed live. 我希望听现场演出。
Perform magic tricks 表演魔术
The play was first performed in 1987.
5. personnel n. 人员/员工
（1）（组织或军队中）全体人员，职员
Skilled /trained personnel 熟练的/训练有素的人员
Sales/technical/medical/security personnel 推销/技术/医务/保安人员
Army/military personnel 陆军/军事人员
（2）人事部门 the personnel department / manager 人事部门/人事经理
She works in lersonnel.她在人事部工作。
Personal adj. 个人的，私人的，本人的
personal belongings 私人财产
6．Tremble vi./n. 颤抖，发抖 tremble with anger 气得发抖
v. My legs were trembling with fear.
Her voice trembled with excitement.
He opened the letter with excitement.
n. There was a tremble in his voice.
A tremble of excitement / fear
7. apply for 申请
Apply for a scholarship /visa 申请奖学金/护照
Apply a theory to practice
Apply oneself to…致力于
Task
1．Status n. 地位；身份；情形，状态
Legal status 合法地位
Low status jobs 地位低下的工作
To leave a high social status 拥有很高的社会地位
Women are only asking to be given equal status with men.
妇女只是追求得到和男人平等的地位。
2．composer n.创作者，作曲家(尤指古典音乐)
compose v.(1) 组成，构成（一个整体）
Ten men composed the committee. 委员会由十人组成
（2）作曲，创作（音乐）
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
3．bachelor n.单身汉；学士学位
a bachelor’s /master’s/doctor’s degree
a Bachelor of Arts/Engineering/Science 文学士/工程学士/理学士
4．fame 名声，名誉，名气
to win/achieve instant fane 立即赢得名声
fame and fortune 名利
Project
1.essential adj.
(1)本质的，实质的
The essential difference between us is that I take life seriously.
(2)基本的；必需的
essential services such as shops and buses. 诸如商店，公交车之类的基本服务
essential vitamins/minerals/nutrients 身体健康所必需的维生素/矿物质/营养
Light is essential for the healthy development of plants.
光对于植物的健康成长是必不可少的。
2.decline n./vi.衰弱；衰败
v. Support for the party continues to decline.
Decline steadily/ sharply/ rapidly/dramatically 稳步下降/迅速下降
n. a rapid/sharp/gradual/steep/dramatic decline
迅速/急剧/逐渐下降
An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
3.trend n. 倾向，趋势，潮流
Economic/ social/political trends 经济/社会/政治趋势
We’ve seen a trend towards more violent films this year.
我们看到今年有更加暴力的方向发展的趋势。
The latest trends in popular music. 流行音乐的最新趋势
4.discrimination n.
sexual /age/racial discrimination 性别、年龄、种族歧视
discrimination against women 对女性的歧视
4.promoter
He is an enthusiastic promoter of good causes.
他是公益活动的热心推广者。
Promote v.提升，晋级；促进，推广，促销
The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.
这个乐队开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。
Promotion n.提升，提拔
Her job is mainly concerned with sales and promotion.
她的工作主要是营销和广告宣传方面。
5.make a fortune 发财，赚钱
He made a fortune in real astate.
他在房地产上发了财。
On one’s way to fame and fortune 名利双收的路上
He made a considerable fortune by selling waste materials.
他靠卖废料发了财。
inherit a large fortune 继承一大笔财产
seek one’s fortune寻出路（喻）去淘金
try one’s fortune碰运气
fortune teller占卜者，算命者
6.prayer n. 祈祷，祈求，愿望
He was a firm believer in the power of prayer.
他对祈祷的力量　信无疑
He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers.
他终于来了，好像他的祷告很灵验。
Evening/morning/daily prayers 早晚每日祷告
A prayer for rain/successs/forgiveness
祈雨、祈求成功、宽恕
Pray for They prayed for peace.
Pray to God to do He prayed to God to save him.
7.cut short
cut sb. short 打断某人说话　
It’s bad manners to cut someone short in a conversation.
Cut sth short I’m sorry we had to cut our visit short.
很遗憾，我们不得不缩短访问时间。
Cut down 砍倒，夺去
Cut up 切掉，切断，断绝
Cut off删除
8.be drafted into 征召…入伍
He was drafted into the army in 1982.
draft vt. 起草，草拟；征召…入伍
　　　　n.草稿
The government’s first task was to a new constitution for the country.
first/final draft 初稿、终稿
I showed David a draft of the letter.
他给大卫看了信的草稿。
9.regain
You should soon regained your appetite.你不久又会恢复食欲。
After losing the second set, Fowler regained his confidence and won the third set.输掉第2 轮后，fowler又重拾信心，赢得了第3轮。
Regain consciousness 恢复知觉
10．Appeal n.(1)吸引力，感染力
Mass/wide/popular appeal 对大众的/广泛的/普遍的感染力
The Beatles have never really lost their appeal.
The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.
（2）呼吁，诉请
To launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity
通过电视呼吁为该慈善事业捐款
v. The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
警方呼吁证人要挺身而出。
11．Break up 解散，解体，分手
The meeting broke up at 11 o’clock.
Their marriage has broken up .(结束，破裂)
The ship broke up on the rocks 船触礁撞碎了。（粉碎，破裂）
Break down 出毛病/抛锚
Break into 突然闯入
Break out （战争，火灾等）发生，爆发
Break out of 摆脱束缚
12.phenomenon n. 现象 phenomena (复数)
Cultural/natural/social/phenomena
文化/自然/社会现象
Terrorism is a phenomenon of the 20th century.
恐怖主义是20世纪的现象。
13． Mental
Mental health/illness/problems
Mental age 智力年龄/心理年龄
Mental disorder/hospital 精神紊乱/精神病院
She was suffering from physical and mental exhausitions.
她当时已经是筋疲力尽。

Module 8 Unit 3 词汇学案
1.ankle n.踝；踝关节[c]
折断脚踝 _________________ 扭伤了踝骨_____________________________
2.reservation n. 预订;预订的房间(或席座)[C]；保留(意见、态度);异议U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数; (旅馆房间等) ；(印第安人的)居留地
reserve vt.保留；预订 n.储备；矜持；自然保护区
reserved adj保留的，预订的；冷淡的;含蓄的，缄默的
make a reservation预定；预约;
without reservation 毫不保留地
have/express reservations about 对。。。持保留态度/怀疑。。。
EX: 1）I’d like to call the restaurant and ____ _____ _____. 我要给饭店打个电话预定座位。
2)I _____ ______ a room ____ _____ _____ Jones. 我已经以琼斯的名字预定了一个房间。
3）These seats ____ _____ _____ special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的。
4) Some members of the committee_________________________________.
委员会一些成员对这项提议持保留态度。
5)I _________________________________________his ability to do the job.
我们非常怀疑他有没有能力胜任这项工作。
6)They support the measures______________________.他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。
3.shore 岸,滨[C][U]
在岸边_____________________ 在离岸不远的地方____________________
4.fee费，酬金:
付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]; 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C]
pay the lawyer's fees 付律师费 a bill for school fees 学费帐单
membership fees 会费
1)If you want to join, there's _______________________________and an annual membership fee of ￡10. 入会须缴入会费20英镑, 年费10英镑.
2)I'm afraid I can't afford___________________________.
恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。
3)They charge______________________________.
他们收一点注册费。
5.bargain n
①便宜货，划算的买卖
I pick up a few good bargains in the sale.我在减价期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。
This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price. 这件夹克衫这么便宜,真划得来。
②交易 ，合同交易，协议
make a bargain with sb 与某人达成协议、与某人成交
keep one’s side of the bargain 遵守协议
strike a bargain 达成了协议
vi讲价；谈条件
bargain with sb for/over/about sth 与某人讨价还价；洽谈成交条件
bargain sth away: give sth away (esp sth valuable in exchange for sth less so) 牺牲某物（尤指以贵物交换贱物）
bargain for sth/on sth (infml 口) (often negative 常用於否定式) expect; 预料/期，料到
Tom didn't bargain on his wife returning so soon. 汤姆没有想到他妻子会回来得这麽快.
I hadn’t bargained on them being here. 我没想到他们会在这里
EX:
1)If you _____ ____ _____ they might reduce the price. 你讲讲价,他们可能会把价钱降低。
2)Dealers bargain with growers_____________________. 商人与种植者就咖啡的价格进行商洽.
3)Finally the two sides______________________. 双方最终达成协议。
4)These toys are ___________________at such low prices.
这些玩具的价格这么便宜,真划得来。
5)He ________________________his wife 'You take care of the children and I'll cook.'他跟妻子讲条件'你看好孩子,我做饭。'
6)Clement ________________________with him.
克莱门特和他作了一次满意的交易。
7)I have done what I promised and I expect you to______________________________.
我已履约，希望你也能遵守协议。
8) The leaders ______________________the freedom of their people. 领导人拿人民的自由来做交易.
9)The exam was more difficult than I_____________________. 这次考试之难出乎我的意料之外.
6.admit vt. admitted; admitting
承认；供认 后接名词，代词，动名词或从句
He admitted his crime. 他招认了罪行。
We have to admit that he's a highly competent man.
我们必须承认他是个非常能干的人。
②容纳, 容许
The theater admits 1000 people. 这剧院可容纳一千人。
③许可进入，准许进入)[(+into/to)]
This ticket admits two people to the football match. 这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
不及物动词 vi.
承认[(+to)]
I must admit to feeling ashamed of my conduct.
我得承认因自己的行为而感到羞惭。
容许,有余地[(+of)]
This matter admits of no delay. 这事不容耽搁。
admit sb. into the university 获准入大学
be admitted to获准进入，被……录取
admit… to be 承认…是…
~ of sth (fml 文) allow the possibility of sth; leave room for sth 容许某事物; 对某事物留有余地,有…的可能，[此习语不能以人作主语]：
admit of no delay刻不容缓，毫不迟延地，立刻
The facts admit of no other explanation.
事实不容作其他解释。
The plan does not admit of improvement. 这项计划已无改进余地了（已尽善尽美）。
EX:
1)He never ____ ____ ____ ____ wrong. 他从不承认自己错了。
2)John_____ _____ _____ the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。
3)The cinema _____ ______ _____. 这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。
4)You must_____________________________.
你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。
5)Now I believe that if I work hard, I am sure to _________________________a university.
如今我相信，假如我努力学习，我一定能被大学录取。
6)The evidence cannot________________________.证据确凿，不容置疑。
7.graduation n.毕业
graduate v.毕业；授予某人学位或毕业文凭n.(大学)毕业生
college graduate 大学毕业生
graduate from 毕业于
graduate school / courses研究生院/研究生课程
graduate student 研究生
EX
1)We do not have a _________ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B.A. and a B.S.
A. continue B. bay C. assistance D.graduate
2)The university ___________ 400 students this summer.
A. graduated B. graduated from C. graded D.graced
3)Though I majored in law at university, I became an accountant_______________________.
虽然我在大学修读的是法律专业，可毕业后却当了一名会计。
8. scholarship n.奖学金
scholar n.学者；奖学金获得者
EX
1)He _________________________Harvard.
他获得奖学金去哈佛读书。
2)Paul went up to Oxford_______________________.
保罗是靠奖学金到牛津大学求学的。
9. experiment n.实验，试验 vi.(on/upon，with)作实验
进行试验________________________________________________________
experiment upon animals 用动物做实验(拿。。。做实验、在。。。身上做实验)
experiment with new methods 实验新方法.（试用，尝试）
My wife ___________ __________ me before she serves a new dish to our guests
The children were warned not to ___________ _____________ such dangerous drugs.
10．height n.高，高度，身高; 顶点; 极度[sing];[ pl.]高处，高地；顶点
What is the height of the mountain? 这山有多高?
He is two metres_________________. 他身高二米.
fly ______________________________(above sea-level) 在（海拔）6000米的高度上飞行
盛夏时节_________________________
11.be made (out )of由…制成 /make sth. out of
make out of... 与 make of ...的意思相同。make out of 常用于口语
be made from由……制造(与 from 连用，from 后接的名词侧重指加工，(原样起化学变化)。
make sth. into 把……做成……
be made up of 由…构成
make up 编造；化妆；弥补; 构成; 编造; 和解; 铺床；整理
make up one’s mind 下决心
make use of 利用
EX：
1)Bread ____ _____ _____ flour. 面包是由面粉加工而成的。
2)He _____ _____ _____ ______ _____wood. 他用木头做了一架模型飞机。
3)They _____ _____ _______ _______. 他们把玻璃制成瓶。
12.ingredient n.组成部分，成分，原料；要素，因素[C]
the ingredients of a cake 蛋糕的原料
1)Our skin cream contains only_______________________.
我们的护肤霜只含天然成分。
2)成功的基本要素____________________ for success.
13.string n. [C]弦，线；一串，一行
_____________________happened at that corner.
在那个转角发生了一连串的事故。
14.stick n. 枝条;柴枝[C] 棍,棒,杖;手杖[C];v. pt, pp stuck 刺;戮;刺死~ in/into; 钉住;插牢; 粘贴;张贴; 伸,伸出; 堵塞，卡住；
collect dry sticks to make a fire 拾些乾柴生火
The needle stuck in my finger. 针扎进我的手指了
This glue doesn't stick very well. 这种胶水粘不住.
A fish-bone stuck in his throat.
他喉咙里卡了一根鱼刺
be stuck in 陷入
stick to粘(贴)在…上，附着于：不移开，不偏离，不离题; 坚持，坚守；遵守; 忠于，信守
I always stick to my promises.
我一贯信守诺言。
It's impossible if you stick to the rules.
如果你坚持按规矩办事，那这事就得告吹。
EX：
1)We don't want to hear your opinions; ____ ____ the facts! 我们不想听你的想法, 只讲事实!
2) 把邮票贴在信上____________________
3) Don't _____________________________the train window.
不要把头伸出火车窗外面。
4)We seem to _____________________a traffic jam.
我们好像被困在塞车车阵里了。
15. disgusting adj.令人厌恶的
The dirty street was disgusting.
disgust n. 作呕, 憎恶, 反感/vt. 使厌恶, 令人作呕
The food disgusted me. 这食物使我感到恶心。
1) 可厌的是; 令人作呕的是_______________________
2)His behavior_________________________. 他的行为遭到众人的唾弃。
16.dip v.浸，蘸[(+in/into)]
dip into浸在……里；随便(或略略)翻阅；浏览; 涉猎，略(或稍)加探究; 动用(款项等)，提取(存款)
1)Dip your pen into the ink. 将钢笔（在墨水中）________________.
2)I've only had time to dip into the report. 这份报告我只来得及_____________了一遍.
3)We'll have to dip into our savings,if we are going to buy a computer.
如果我们要买一台电脑，我们就得__________________了。
4)She dipped into literature while she worked in a library.
她在图书馆工作时曾______________过文学。
17. cut out (of) 裁剪出；切掉；停止
cut up切碎;使受苦
cut down砍倒；缩减
cut across/ through 穿过（某地）（尤指抄近路）
cut back (on sth): reduce sth considerably 大量削减某事物
cut off切断，阻断；使分离，使隔绝
1)His mother has to ______________________for him. 他的妈妈不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。
2)Jean __________________________when her husband left her. 在丈夫抛弃她之后，简痛苦极了。
3)裁剪一件连衣裙 __________________________
4)You should_________________________________________.
你应当删除掉这些不重要的细节。
5)I have decided to _____________________and drinking.
我已决定戒烟戒酒。
6)I cut the advertisement _____________the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下这则广告。
7) I usually ___________________________on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园.
8) If we don't sell more goods, we'll have to ____________________production. 我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量.
9)We_____________________ in the middle of our conversation. 我们正交谈时, 线路被切断了.
10)Our water supply________________________. 我们断水了
18.have a go 试一试，尝试做，其后常跟at sth
---I can’t open the jar. 我打不开这个罐子。
---Let me have a go. 让我来试试/
Would you like to______________________ the bike?
你想试一试这辆自行车吗？

单词拼写
1.Adam Smith's _______(杰作) “The Wealth of Nations” was written in the 18th century.
2. After a career as a journalist, she was looking forward to a happy and ______(宁静的)retirement.
3. After _________ from a university, he has worked as a middle school teacher.
4. We're very proud of the five students from this school who were awarded______(奖学金).
5. Do you think you could go upstairs and be with the boys in the_______(宿舍)？
6. One of the rooms has been made into a small modern art________(美术馆).
7. Someone who catches fish as a sport or as a job is called f_________.
8. It is said that his son is studying ________(建筑学)at university.
9. Sometimes we can see a beautiful r_______ in the sky after a shower in summer.
10. Hiring new employees can be very much a _________(主观的) process.
11. The dish is speciaIIy recommended by our c _________..
12Why do they r_____________ the same mistake?
13. He became rude to everyone in the _____________ (城堡)and behaved like a mad man.
14. Chocolate is wrapped in f________ to keep it fresh.
15. The new h______________ shortens the trip.
16. There is a s______________ of garden behind his house.
17. Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a c________________ box and to leave it outside her door.
18.The mark of a man's shoe was clearly p_____________ in the mud.
19. In kindergarten, your idea of a good friend was the person who let you have the red c______________ when all that was left was the ugly black one.
20. By mixing a___________________ with other metals, scientists have been able to produce a variety of alloys(合金), some of which have the strength of steel but weigh only one third as much.
21. Humanity services is kind of new p_____________ of services.
22. Yangzhou is a little charming city on the Grand C______________..
23. Most of these ingredients can be found at your local g______________..
24. The room was p______________ white,with green shutters.
25. The two books largely o________ in contents.

答案
1．break one’s ankle; twist/turn/hurt one's ankle 2. 1)make a reservation 2)reserved in the name of 3)are reserved for 4) expressed/had reservations about the proposal 5) have serious reservations about 6) without reservation 3. on the shore; off the shore 4. an entrance fee of ￡20; the doctor's fee; a small registration fee 5. 1)bargain with them 2) over the price of coffee 3) struck a bargain 4) a real bargain 5) made a bargain with 6) made a satisfactory bargain 7) keep your side of the bargain 8) bargained away 9) had bargained for 6. 1) admits that he is 2) has admitted breaking 3) admits about 2000 people 4) admit the task to be difficult 5) be admitted to 6) admit of doubt 7.DA after graduation 8. won a scholarship to; on a scholarship 9. do/perform/carry out/conduct an experiment; experiment on; experiment with 10. in height; at a height of 6000 metres; the height of summer 11. 1) is made from 2)made a model plane out of 3) make glass into bottles 12. natural ingredients; the essential ingredients 13. A string of accidents 14. 3) stick to; stick a stamp on a letter; stick your head out of; be stuck in 15. to one's disgust; disgusted everybody 16. 蘸一蘸; 浏览; 动用存款; 涉猎 17. 1)cut up all the food;2) was really cut up3) cut out a dress 4) cut out the unimportant details 5) cut out smoking 6)out of 7) cut across/through the park 8) cut back on 9) were cut off 10) has been cut off 18. have a go at
单词拼写
1. masterpiece 2. peaceful 3. graduation/graduating 4. scholarships
5. dormitory 6. gallery 7. fisherman 8. architecture
9. rainbow 10. subjective 11. chef 12. repeat 13. castle 14 foil 15. highway 16. strip 17. cardboard 18. printed 19. crayon 20 aluminium 21. pattern 22. Canal 23. grocery 24. painted 25. overlap
M8U4 Films and film events 学案
Reading
第一部分：重点讲解
1. Our guests today are representatives from six of the major international film festivals. (P 50)
representative:
n. [C] someone who speaks or does sth. officially for another person or group of people:
adj. typical of, or the same as, others in a larger group of people or things:
Are your views/opinions representative of all the workers here?
a representative sample/cross-section/selection
To many people the Queen represents the former glory of Britain.
The ambassador __________ forceful representations to the White House.
A. took B. gave C. made D. had
答案与解析: C Make representations to sb. 向……提出抗议
2. I think it is rather appropriate for me to begin our discussion. (P50)
appropriate
adj. suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion:
appropriate footwear for the country
Is this film appropriate for small children?
I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time.
Is this an appropriate occasion to discuss finance?
NOTE: The opposite is inappropriate.
appropriately
adv.
She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.
3. Our festival is part of a larger festival which celebrates contemporary art. We view film as a type of contemporary art. (P50)
celebrate
v. [I or T] to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important:
We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.
If this plan works, we'll celebrate in style (= in a special way).
contemporary
adj. existing or happening now:
contemporary music/literature/art/fashion
Although it was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a contemporary (= modern) feel to it.
view
v. [T] to have a particular opinion or way of thinking about someone or sth.:
The journalist asked the minister how he viewed recent events.
She is viewed as a strong candidate for the job.
We view these latest developments with concern/suspicion/satisfaction.
If we view the problem from a different angle, a solution may become more obvious.
view相关短语
a point of view 观点；着眼点
at first view 初看；一见
in view 在视野中
in view of 鉴于；由于
on view 展览中，上映中
with a view to (doing) sth. 以……为目的
view ab./ sth. as sth. 把……视为
4. That is, it only includes those not financed by Hollywood studios.
that is:
that is to say, in other words
finance
v. [T] to provide the money needed for sth. to happen:
The local authority has refused to finance the scheme.
finance
n. [U] (the management of) a supply of money:
corporate/ personal/ public finance
the minister of finance minister
The finance committee controls the school's budget.
5. Kathy, I hate to interrupt you, but in defense of the Venice Film Festival, I have to point out that we don’t just feature Hollywood films. (P50)
interrupt
v. [I or T] to stop a person from speaking for a short period by sth. you say or do, or to stop sth. from happening for a short period:
She tried to explain what had happened but he kept interrupting her.
I wish you'd stop interrupting.
We had to interrupt our trip when we heard John's mother was ill.
Be quiet! It’s rude to __________ people when they are talking.
A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt
Production at the factory was __________ for two hours because there was no electricity.
A. interrupted B. disturbed C. missed D. lost
答案: DA
defence UK, US defense
n. [C or U] (a) protection or support against attack, criticism or infection:
The war has ended but government spending on defence is still increasing.
When Helen criticized me, Chris came/rushed to my defence (= quickly supported me).
The book is a closely argued defence of the economic theory of Keynes.
The towers were once an important part of the city's defences.
A good diet helps build the body's natural defences.
point out
辨析：point out, point at, point to
1.point out 指出
My teacher pointed out my mistakes.
Point it out!
2.point at 指着（较近之物）
They pointed with their guns at her head but she was not afraid.
3.point to 指向（较远之物）
He pointed to the mountain and told me it used to covered with grass.
feature
v. to include someone or sth. as an important part:
The film features James Dean as a disaffected teenager.
This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.
n. [C] a typical quality or an important part of sth.:
The town's main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
Our latest model of phone has several new features.
A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry.
6. Our policy is to include high-quality films, regardless of who makes them. (P50)
regardless
adv. despite; not being affected by sth.:
The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless of local opposition.
She knew it was dangerous to visit him, but she set out regardless of the risk.
This job is open to all, regardless of previous experience.
__________ the heavy rain, they continued working in the field.
A. Although B. Regardless of C. Despite of D. In case of
They decorated the house __________ costs.
A. in spite B. regardless of C. though D. although
答案： B B
7. As long as the film’s quality meets our standards, we include it. (P50)
as long as: 只要，如果；既然
You may use the room as you like, as long as you clean it afterward.
As long as you are going to the post office anyway, you can do something for me.
高考链接
The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him __________ I did. (2005湖南)
A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as
Internet seems like a jungle, which contains wonders__________ dangers.
A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as well as
答案: A D
meet (met, met)
v. [T] to fulfill, satisfy, or achieve:
The workers' demands for higher pay were not met by the management.
We haven't yet been able to find a house that meets our needs/requirements.
They will only agree to sign the contract if certain conditions are met.
Do you think we will be able to meet our deadline/target?
meet相关短语
make ends meet 使收支相抵
meet one’s end 死，送命
meet with sb. 遇到某人
meet with sth. 经历某事
8. The Sundance Film Festival boycotts all Hollywood films, and we don’t foresee ever including them. (P50)
boycott
v. [T] to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval:
People were urged to boycott the country's products.
The union called on its members to boycott the meeting.
boycott
n. [C]
A boycott of/against goods from the EU began in June.
foresee (foreseeing, foresaw, foreseen)
v. [T] to know about sth. before it happens:
I don't foresee any difficulties so long as we keep within budget.
－This kind of laundry detergent is said to have poisonous chemicals.
－So why not __________ it.
A. stop B. buy C. prevent D. boycott
答案：D
9. It was then that Robert Redford took over and changed the focus to saluting independent films. (P 50)
take over 接管，接替，接任
The army is threatening to take over if civil unrest continues.
The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate
When she fell ill her daughter took over the business form her.
高考链接
It is certain that he will _____ his business to his son when he gets old. (2004 福建)
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
答案：C
salute
v. [T] to honour or express admiration publicly for a person or an achievement:
On this memorable occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the association.
We salute you for your courage and determination
v.[I or T] (especially of people in the armed forces) to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the head:
Whenever you see an officer, you must salute.
The soldiers saluted the colonel when he arrived.
10. Many of them are American, but we reject the idea that we have lost our international angle. (P51)
reject
v. [T] to refuse to accept, use or believe sth.or someone:
The appeal was rejected by the High Court.
Coin-operated machines in England reject Irish money.
The prime minister rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to resign.
I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage, but I was rejected (= I was not offered the job).
The football coach rejected him for the first team (= He was not offered a place in the team).
angle
n. [C] a way of considering, judging or dealing with sth.:
Try looking at the problem from another angle.
The press was looking for a new/fresh angle on the situation.
11. Considering the history of our festival, we feel it is important not to favor films from any one country. (P 51)
considering
考虑到……现在分词放在句首做原因状语
Considering his age, John did quite will in his performance.
Considering he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
高考链接
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004北京)
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
__________ everything, this is a pleasant journey.
A. Considered B. Considerate C. Considering D. Considerable
___________ everything into consideration, she decided to work in the company.
A. Giving B. Taking C. Taken D. Given
答案： 1.B 2.C 3. B take into consideration 把……考虑进去
favor
v. [T] 1）to support or prefer one particular possibility:
These are the running shoes favoured by marathon runners.
In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over (= rather than) tax cuts.
[+ ing form of verb] I generally favour travelling by night, when the roads are quiet.
2）to give an advantage to someone or sth., in an unfair way:
A strong wind will favour the bigger boats.
She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.
n. [C] a kind action that you do for someone:
She rang up to ask me a favour.
Could you do me a favour - would you feed my cat this weekend?
I don’t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could __________ me a favor.
A. make B. do C. find D. get
Generally speaking, chances tend to __________ those who are hard-working and well prepared.
A. favour B. honor C. focus D. intend
答案：B A
12. Hollywood films are in the minority at our festival, and films from smaller countries that would be overlooked at Cannes, for example, have a real chance of winning in Berlin. (P 51)
minority
n. [S] a smaller number or part:
It's only a tiny minority of people who are causing the problem.
Children with single parents at my school were very much in the minority (= there were very few).
This section of the bookstore caters for minority interests (= subjects that interest only a few people).
NOTE: The opposite is majority.
overlook
v. [T] to fail to notice or consider sth.:
I think there is one key fact that you have overlooked.
No one will be overlooked in the selection of the team.
13. Even though we have only existed a short time, our festival has a good reputation worldwide. (P51)
exist
v. [I] 1) to be, or to be real:
I don't think ghosts exist.
Poverty still exists in this country.
2) to live, or to live in difficult conditions:
Some species exist in this small area of forest and nowhere else on Earth.
Few people can exist without water for more than a week.
reputation
n.[C usually singular; U] the opinion that people in general have about someone or sth., or how much respect or admiration someone or sth. receives, based on past behaviour or character:
The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.
She has the reputation of being a good doctor.
His reputation was destroyed when he was caught stealing some money.
The hotel has a bad/good reputation.
worldwide
adj., adv. existing or happening in all parts of the world:
a worldwide recession
An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause environmental problems worldwide.
14. We show films from many different countries and the highlight of the festival each year is the ‘Jinjue’ or Golden Cup Award. (P51)
highlight
n. [C] the best or most exciting, entertaining or interesting part of sth.:
Highlights of the match will be shown after the news.
v. [T] to attract attention to or emphasize something important:
The report highlights the need for improved safety.
The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.
15. At the Academy Awards, the focus is on rewarding American films of the top rank. (P53)
focus
n. [C] the main or central point of sth., especially of attention or interest:
I think Dave likes to be the focus of attention.
The main focus of interest at the fashion show was Christian Lacroix's outrageous evening wear.
The media focus on politicians' private lives inevitably switches the attention away from the real issues.
focus (sth.) on/upon sb./sth. to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject or thing:
Tonight's programme focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young.
When the kitchen is finished I'm going to focus my attention on the garden and get that sortedout.
第二部分：练习
根据课文内容填空
The representatives from six of the(1)m______ international film festivals attend a weekly(2)p_______, Movie Magic. These spokeswomen and spokesmen tell us about their film festivals they(3)r________. Venice Film Festival is the oldest and it is part of a larger festival(4) c________ contemporary art. The Sundance Film Festival only includes small, (5)i_______ and it (6)b________ all Hollywood films. Films shown at Cannes are often made with large(7)b______ and have well-known actors and(8)d________. Since the Berlin Film Festival began in 1951, awards have been given to films from all around the(9)g_______. The Toronto International Film Festival is the second largest festival in the world---only Cannes is bigger. Although the Shanghai International Film Festival was founded in 1993, the festival has a good(10)r______ worldwide.
第三部分：练习答案
1. major 2. programme/ program 3. represent 4. celebrating 5. independent
6. boycotts 7. budgets 8. directors 9. globe 10. reputation
Word power
第一部分：重点讲解
1. Not all films are made in ‘real’ places. When they are, they are shot on location, which means that real streets, trees and buildings are used. (P54)
shoot (shot, shot)
v. [I or T] to use a camera to record a film or take a photograph:
We shot four reels of film in Egypt.
The film was shot on location in Southern India.
location
n. [C or U] a place away from a studio where all or part of a film or a television show is recorded:
The documentary was made on location in the Gobi desert.
not all 表部分否定，“不是所有的”
Not all the students are interested in the lecture about American culture.
=All the students are not interested in the lecture about American culture.
与not构成部分否定的词有： all everyone, everywhere, entirely, both, everybody, always, wholly, everything等
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree __________.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
答案：A
2. There are also many important words that refer to the camera. (P54)
refer to
有关，针对; 提到，说起；参考，查阅
The new law does’t refer to land used for farming.
The accident he referred to was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.
Let me just refer to my notes to find the exact figures
高考链接
It was foolish of him to _________ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. (2004年上海)
A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to
I didn’t know the word; I had to __________ a dictionary.
A. look out B. make out C. refer to D. look up
The expert he referred to ___________ a new discovery on this virus.
A. made B. making C. make D. being made
答案：B C A
3. In this case, new actors are hired to read the dialogue and it is recorded over the original talking. (P54)
case
n. [C] a particular situation or example of sth.:
Over a hundred people were injured, in several cases seriously.
Jobs are hard to find but in his case that's not the problem because he has so much experience.
I wouldn't normally agree but I'll make an exception in this case.
hire
v. to employ someone or pay them to do a particular job:
I was hired by the first company I applied to.
[+ to infinitive] We ought to hire a public relations consultant to help improve our image.
record
v. [T] to keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer:
She records everything that happens to her in her diary.
Unemployment is likely to reach the highest total that has ever been recorded.
[+ that] In his journal, Captain Scott recorded that he and his companions were weakened by lack of food.
4. He looked very scared! (P55)
scare
v. [I or T] to (cause to) feel frightened:
Sudden noises scare her.
She's very brave - she doesn't scare easily.
He scared me out of my wits (= made me extremely frightened) when he was driving so fast.
Meeting new people scares me stiff/to death (= makes me extremely nervous and anxious).
scared
adj. frightened or worried:
He's scared of spiders.
I'm scared of telling her what really happened.
He's scared to tell her what really happened.
I was scared (= very worried) (that) you might not be there.
I was scared stiff (= extremely frightened).
She had a scared look on her face.
5. The best thing I learned from the lecture is never to ignore the credits at the end of the film. (P55)
ignore
v.[T] to intentionally not listen or give attention to:
She can be really irritating but I try to ignore her.
Safety regulations are being ignored by company managers in the drive to increase profits.
How can the government ignore the wishes of the majority?
I smiled at her but she just ignored me.
ignorant
adj. 无知的，不知道的
ignorance
n. 无知
It would be a mistake __________ my advice.
A. to ignore B. to pass C. to be ignorant D. to inform
As he had been ill in bed for several months, he was __________ of the new development in his field.
A. aware B. conscious C. ignorant D. ignorance
答案： A C
6. I am responsible for all the filming. I operate the camera. (P55)
be responsible for sb./sth./doing sth.
to have control and authority over sth. or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them:
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
operate
v. [I or T] to (cause to) work, be in action or have an effect:
How do you operate the remote control unit?
Does the company operate a pension scheme?
For several years she operated a dating agency from her basement flat.
Changes are being introduced to make the department operate more efficiently.
Specially equipped troops are operating in the hills.
We have representatives operating in most countries.

Grammar and usage
1. Mary and I had an appointment to meet at the shopping centre at 1 p.m. (P57)
appointment
n. [C] 1) a formal arrangement to meet or visit someone at a particular time and place约会，约定
I'd like to make an appointment with Doctor Evans, please.
She had to cancel her dental appointment.
If he didn't have a secretary to remind him, he wouldn't keep (= remember to be present at) any of his appointments.
That's the second appointment he's missed (= not been present at).
2) by appointment at a previously arranged time:
House for sale, two bedrooms. Viewing by appointment only.
appoint
v. 1) [T often passive] FORMAL约定
A date has been appointed (= arranged) for the election.
Ten minutes before the appointed time (= the arranged time), he sat nervously outside her office.
2) to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility 任命，委派
We've appointed three new teachers this year.
He's just been appointed (as) director of the publishing division.
[+ to infinitive] A commission has just been appointed to investigate fraud claims.
appointment相关短语
make /fix an appointment with ab. 与某人约会
have an appointment with ab. 与某人有个约会
keep an appointment 践约
break an appointment 失约

We must __________ a new teacher at once to the mountain school.
A. appreciate B. appoint C. appeal D. approach
Would it be possible to make an early _________ to have my hair cut tomorrow?
A. appointment B. arrangement C. employment D. engagement
答案：B A

2. Mary and made an agreement never to see such a film again. (P57)
agreement
n. [C or U] when people have the same opinion, or when they approve of or accept sth.:
The whole family was in agreement with her about/on what they should do.
If the three parties cannot reach agreement now, there will be a civil war.
I don't think you'll ever get Tony's agreement to these proposals.
[+ that] There's widespread agreement that the law should be changed.
agreement相关短语
make an agreement 达成协议，达成共识
reach/ come to/ arrive at an agreement 达成协议
break an agreement 违反协定

3. It gives me great satisfaction that my uncle is finally realizing his dream and attaining success. (P57)
satisfaction
n. [C or U] a pleasant feeling which you get when you receive sth. you wanted, or when you have done sth. you wanted to do:
She looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.
She derived/obtained great satisfaction from/out of helping other people.
For me, job satisfaction is more important than the money.
She had the satisfaction of knowing that she'd done everything she could.
satisfy
v.[T] to please someone by giving them what they want or need:
They have 31 flavours of ice-cream - enough to satisfy everyone!
Come on, satisfy my curiosity (= tell me what I want to know), what happened last night?
satisfy conditions/needs/requirements
to have or provide sth. that is needed or wanted:
She satisfies all the requirements for the job.
There are three main conditions you must satisfy if you wish to be a member of the club.
1. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does __________ his boss.
A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports
2. The result is far from __________.
A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfaction D. satisfy
Answers: B C
realize
实现；意识到
She realized her dream of becoming an actress.
He finally realized his mistake.
attain
v. [T] to reach or succeed in getting sth. to achieve:
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle
第二部分：练习
单词拼写:
1.Some people still believe in _________ (魔法).
2.He is a ________ (代表) of a country.
3.What is your v___________ on school punishment.
4.People who work in banks know about _________ (金融).
5.Traffic in the city was ________ (阻断) by a snowstorm.
6.It is the p_________ of the government to improve education.
7.Can you ________ (区分) the different musical instruments playing now?
8.They are _________ (联合抵制) the shop.
9.Those who can ________ (预见) difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.
10.When will the eggs h______ ?
11.There must be _______ (公平的) play whatever the competition is .
12.Your actions _________ (同…矛盾)your principles.
13.He looked ________ (向后) to see who was following him.
14.The workers got a Christmas ________ (额外津贴).
15.The music film is Mrs Wilson’s _______ (作品) in the competition..
16.He _________ (很少)comes here anymore.
17.Why did you leave these ________ (衣服) on the floor.
18.The earth’s _________ (影子)sometimes falls on the moon.
19.___________准许进入) by ticket only.
20.How can I _________ (报答) your kindness.
21.I like Shakespeare’s _____________ (喜剧)
22.I find all the c________ in his new play very real.
23.We go for a walks in the fields o_______.
24.The old man told of an e________ story.
25.We’ve got three cats --------two f_______ and a male.
26.Stop living in a f________ world
27.He’s very s______ about his weight
28.C______ to popular belief,many cats dislike milk.
29.A police car polluted up a_____ us.
30. Your name had been d_____ from this list.
第三部分：练习答案
1. magic 2. representative 3. view 4.finance 5.interrupted
6. policy 7.distinguish 8. boycotting 9. foresee 10. hatch
11.fair 12.contradict 13. backwards 14. bonus 15.entry
16. rarely 17. garments 18. shadow 19. Admission 20. reward
21.comedy 22. characters 23.occasionally 24.entertaining 25. females
26. fantasy 27.sensitive 28.Contrary 29.alongside 30.deleted
Grammar and usage
强调结构
第一部分：重点讲解
强调结构是用特定的方法使句子中的某个部分突出出来，以达到强化这个部分的目的。在英语中，强调的方法有很多，包括运用语言、语调、单词、短语以及语法等手段。常见的强调形式：
1．增加单词来强调
此类单词有：so,such,just,right,very,pretty,single,really,indeed以及反身代词等。如：
I have never seen such a lazy person in my whole life.（这么）
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
Fortunately,he was just in time for the first train in the morning.（刚好）
It’s unbelievable that the woman herself could lift so heavy a box.（自己一个人）
This is the very English dictionary that I have been looking for.（就是，正是）
The manager was right in the office when I arrived at the company by metro (地铁)。（正好）
2．增加短语来强调
常用的短语有：on earth,in the world,by no means(位于句首需用倒装）,not…at all等。如：
“What on earth are you doing now?” asked the policeman.（究竟，到底）
Though we are good friends,I don’t agree with you at all this time.（根本不）
I have to point out that this job can by no means be accomplished overnight.（决不）
3．用助动词do,does,did来强调
可以用来强调肯定陈述句或祈使句的动词。如：
Do come early tomorrow morning,or you will be fined.（务必，一定）
The new exchange student does hope to go to the evening party with us.（确实）
My mother did sing well in the past because she used to be a teacher.（的确，确实）
4.将“地点”提前加以强调
On the table were some flowers. 桌上摆了一些花。
5．用强调句来强调
强调句的基本结构是It + be +被强调部分+that (who/whom)+原句剩余部分。被强调部分可以是简单句中除谓语以外的其它成分，也可以是主从复合句中的从句。如：
It was our we that/who saved my little younger sister.（强调主语）
It was him that/whom they saw stealing yesterday in the supermarket.（强调宾语）
It is by sending e-mail that they keep in touch with each other.（强调状语）
It was only when I reread this poem recently that I began to appreciate its beauty.（强调从句）
注意：
（1）强调句形中的it没有实际意义，由于it处在主语位置，即使被强调的主语是复数，动词只用单数。强调主语时用主格。如：
It was Tom and Mike that /who helped us out.
It is we who/that have passed the driving test.
（2）强调句的一般疑问句就是直接把动词置于句首；特殊疑问句就是把被强调的特殊疑问词置于句首。如：
Is it next week that we will hold another football match ?
Who was it that taught you English ten years ago ?
How was it that you managed to deal with such difficult problems ?
（3）强调not …until…结构时，not要放在until之前。即：It is/was not until…that….如：It was not until all fish died that people realized how serious pollution was.
It was not until midnight that they came back.
not…until…还可以这样强调：
Not until all fish died did people realize how serious pollution was.
Not until midnight did they come back.
（4）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when,where,why或how等；特别要注意不能同定语从句等相混淆。如：
Was it during World War II that he lost his devoted son. ?
It was for this reason that the naughty boy got severely punished.
区别强调句型和定语从句的方法是：若将和去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句；若结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。试比较:
It was on October 5,1999 that the new city was founded.(强调句）
那个新城市确实是于1999年10月5日成立的。
It was October 5,1999 when their first son was born.(定语从句)
他们第一个儿子的出生时间是1999年10月5日。
（5）强调句与其它的交融使用
It was the village where I was brought up that I visited yesterday.
昨天我们参观的是我在那长大的村子。（与定语从句结合）
I can’t remember how many years ago it was that I entered the factory.
我记不清到底是多少年前进厂的了。（与宾语从句的结合）
When I asked him when it was that he took my dictionary,he made no answer.
我问他究竟何时拿了我的字典，他没吱声。（与状语从句的结合）
第二部分：练习
I. 单项填空
1. It was only when I recovered from being ill _____I began to realize how important health is to a person.
A. untilB. thatC. thenD. so
2. It was ____ 1920 _____regular radio broadcast began.
A. until; thatB. not until; when C. until; whenD. not until; that
3. Was _____that I saw at the concert last night ?
A. it youB. not youC. youD. yourself
4. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. thatB. untilC. sinceD. before
5. It was with great joy _____ he received the news _____his lost daughter had been found.
A. because; thatB. that; whyC. which; whichD. that; that
6. My teacher asked me _____ Daniel got injured in the leg.
A. how was it thatB. how it was that
C. how it was whichD. how was it which
7. It was not until she had arrived home _____ her appointment with the doctor.
A. did she rememberB. that she remembered
C. when she rememberedD. had she remembered
8. It was on the farm _____ my father used to work _____ I was born.
A. that; thatB. where; whereC. where; thatD. that; where
9._____ that she was still weak in English?
A. Why it wasB. Why was itC. It was whyD. Was it why
10._____ that electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?
A. What is itB. What does itC. Why does itD. Why is it
11._____she is not so healthy _____she used to be ?
A. Why it is that; asC. Is it why that; that
C. Why is it that; asD. Why is it that; that
12.---Mary !______and visit us some day.
--All right .
A. Do comeB. Do comesC. Does comeD. Did come
13. It was _____computer games that the boy took a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have playedB. playingC. playedD. having played
14.---Is it my age _______the boss minds.
--I’m afraid not. He will consider ____necessary to have an experienced assistant.
A. which; itB. that; itC. which; thatD. that; that
15. Such a naughty boy _____ that nobody likes him.
A. he isB. he wasC. is heD. was he
II. 单句改错（每个句子有一处错误，找出并改正）
1. It was in this small village where she was born.
2. It were Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
3. It was September 9,1990 that the little girl was born.
4. It was for this reason why Edward quitted his job in the famous company.
5. He do work very tired after finishing the complex task by himself.
6. By no means I will give up learning English.
7. You did helped me in time of difficulty.
8. Do more careful next time if you want to get a better mark in the exam.
9. It is Mr Green who often help others when they are in trouble.
10. It is him that is to blame for the mistake.
III. 完成句子
1. It is _________________(很有趣的一部电影)that I want to see it again.
2. It ____________________(直到他告诉我)that I knew the truth.
3. He________________(确实出席) the meeting the day before yesterday.
4. __________________(到底多少次)that you go to see your parents every month?
5. __________________(是在二战期间)that he died.
6. It was ___________________(就是昨晚九点)he went to the park.
7. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _____________________________(他们到达一个小村庄).
8. It was _________________（他最好的衣服)that John wore to the dance last night.
9. He _____________（真的很喜欢)the new bicycle his father gave him as a present.
10. _________________________________________(正是从20世纪90年代初) scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agriculture production without harming the environment.
第三部分：练习答案
I. 单项填空
1-5 BDADD6-10 BBCBD11-15 CABBC
II. 单句改错（每个句子有一处错误，找出并改正）
1．where---that 2.were---was 3.that---when /was后加on 4. why---that
5. do---did 6.I will----will I 7.helped---help 8.Do后加be
9． help---helps 10.him---he
III. 完成句子
1.such an interestingfilm2.was not until he told me
3.did attend4.How many times is it
5.Was it during the Second World War 6.at nine o’clock yesterday that
7.when they arrived at a small village8.his best suit
9.does like 10. It was from the early 1990s that
Task
第一部分：重点讲解
1. When completing a quiz, you must be certain that all the answers you write are correct. (P58)
completing 现在分词做状语，因句子的主语是you, complete的逻辑主语也是you，两者是主动关系。
高考链接
When __________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
答案：C
certain
adj. having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact or effective:
[+ (that)] Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number?
I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing.
You should make certain (that) everyone understands the instructions.
The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack.
[+ question word] I'm not certain how much it will cost.
He was quite certain about/of his attacker's identity.
2. You do not want the judge to misunderstand your answer because you have left out some words! (P58)
leave sb./sth. out to not include someone or sth. 遗漏，忽视
You can leave the butter out of this recipe if you're on a low-fat diet.
I've made a list of names - I hope I haven't left anyone out.
None of the other children play with her, and I think she feels rather left out (= feels that no one wants to be her friend).
3. No figures are available for money made from popcorn sales, but film fans usually consume a lot of this salty snack, especially when watching a tense thriller. (P59)
available
adj. able to be obtained, used, or reached:
Is this dress available in a larger size?
There's no money available for an office party this year.
It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas.
[+ to infinitive] I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show on the 19th.
Every available officer will be assigned to the investigation.
Do you have any double rooms available this weekend?
consume
v. [T] 1) to use fuel, energy or time, especially in large amounts:
Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil.
2) to eat or drink, especially a lot of sth.:
He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.
4. You have successfully entered the competition and want to include the information about the Chinese film industry in your speech.
enter
v. [I or T] to be included in a competition, race or exam, or to arrange for someone else to do this:
Both men have been entered for/in the 100 metres in Paris next month.
All three companies have entered the race to develop a new system.
Are you going to enter the photography competition?
include
v. [T] to contain sth. as a part of sth. else, or to make sth. part of sth. else:
The bill includes tax and service.
Tax and service are included in the bill.
[+ ing form of verb] Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.
included
adj. [after noun]
The trip cost a total of 250, insurance included.
including
prep.
Eight people, including two children, were injured in the explosion.
5. Speech and essay competitions often require you to do research on many different aspects of a subject. (P61)
require
v.[T] to need or make necessary:
Please telephone this number if you require any further information.
Skiing at 80 miles per hour requires total concentration.
[+ object + to infinitive] Bringing up children often requires you to put their needs first.
You are required by law to stop your car after an accident.
[+ that] The rules require that you bring only one guest to the dinner.
require相关短语
require sth. 需要某物
require doing= require to be done 需要做
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做
require sth of sb. 要求某人某物
require that sb. should do 要求或命令某人做

1. Look at your shirt! It requires __________.
A. washing B. washed C. to wash D. being washed
2. He will agree to do what you require __________ him.
A. of B. from C. to D. for
答案： A A
aspect
n. [C] one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc:
Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy?
His illness affects almost every aspect of his life.
Have you thought about the problem from every aspect?
第二部分：练习
M: It is almost vacation time. Have you found a summer job yet?
W: No, I don’t think I will work at the boy’s camp (1) w I worked last summer. Camp jobs don’t pay much.
M: I think I can find a job at the Evergreen Hotel. A friend of
(2) m was a waiter there last summer. The pay
wasn’t good, but the tips (3) w .
W: My sister worked there last summer, (4) m beds and cleaning bathrooms. She didn’t like it but she earned a lot of money. And I want a job outside. After sitting (5) i college classes all winter, I’d like
a job in the (6) o air.
M: The high school kids earn a lot of money every summer cutting grass. My brother is only fourteen, but he gets five dollars every time he
(7) c somebody’s grass, and it only takes him an hour. He just rides around on the machine that he bought, and the machine does all the work.
W: That’s (8 p good, I used to cut grass when I was in high school. But now I think I might work for a road building company,
(9) something like that.
M: It would be a good (10) e . And you could earn a lot too.
第三部分：练习答案
1. where 2. mine 3. were 4. making 5. in
6. open 7. cuts 8. pretty 9 or 10. experience
Project
第一部分：重点讲解
1. Who has not dreamt of suddenly finding out that he or she is actually someone special and famous? (Page 62)
dream (dreamed or dreamt, dreamed or dreamt)
v. [I] to imagine sth. that you would like to happen:
I dream of living on a tropical island.
[+ that] He never dreamed that one day he would become President.
n. [C] sth. that you want to happen very much but that is not very likely:
It's always been my dream to have flying lessons.
Winning all that money was a dream come true.
2. Harry, a sensitive young boy, has been living with his relatives. (P80)
sensitive
adj. easily influenced, changed or damaged, especially by a physical activity or effect 灵敏的，敏感的
sensitive skin
Some people's teeth are highly sensitive to cold.
Sensitive相关短语
be sensitive to 对……敏感
be sensitive about 介意，在乎

1. Try not to say anything hurtful to her. She is a very _________ person.
A. reasonable B. sensible C. sensitive D. tough
2. The elderly need special care in winter, as they are ________ to the sudden changes of weather.
A. sensitive B. sensible C. flexible D. positive
答案：C A
3. His uncle abuses him; his aunt ignores him; and his cousin hates him. (P62)
abuse
v [T] to use or treat someone or sth. wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage:
She is continually abusing her position/authority by getting other people to do things for her.
I never expected that he would abuse the trust I placed in him.
Some government leaders are accused of _________ their power for their personal interest.
A. employing B. abusing C. taking D. offering
答案：B
4. Contrary to this, Harry finds out that his father was a wizard … (page 62)
contrary
adj. opposite:
a contrary point of view
Contrary to all our expectations, he's found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend.
contrary相关短语
on the contrary 相反
to the contrary 与……相反
be contrary to 相反的

What you have done is ___________ the doctor’s orders.
A. attached to B. responsible to C. resistant to D. contrary to
答案：D
5. Harry discovers that he possesses the magical powers of a wizard too, and that he already has a reputation in the world of witches and wizards because of his parents. (Page 62)
possess
v. [T] to have or own sth., or to have a particular quality:
I don't possess a single DVD (= I don't have even one DVD).
In the past the root of this plant was thought to possess magical powers which could cure baldness.
n. [U] when you have or own sth.:
The possession of large amounts of money does not ensure happiness.
I have in my possession a letter which may be of interest to you.

相关短语
in possession of sth. 拥有，占有
in the possession of sth. 为……所占有
have/ take possession of sth. 拥有

－Does the young man standing there _________ the company?
－No. The company is _________ his father.
A. in possession of; in the possession of B. have possession of; in the possession of
C. take possession of; in possession of D. have possession of; in possession of
答案：B
6. I think this is more to highlight the advanced special effects than to help the film’s plot. (P63)
highlight
v. [T] to attract attention to or emphasize sth. important:
The report highlights the need for improved safety.
The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.
n. [C] the best or most exciting, entertaining or interesting part of sth.:
Highlights of the match will be shown after the news.
more…than…与其说……, 还不如说……
This book seems to be more of a dictionary than a grammar book.
He was more amused than angry.
He is more brave than wise.
－I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us.
－She is _________ than unfriendly, I’m afraid.
A. shyer B. much shyer C. shy more D. more shy
答案：D

7. Much of this early part of the film could have been skipped and more time could have been spent at Hogwarts. (P63)
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意, 使用不同的情态动词，句子的意思就有所不同。表示对已发生的事情进行推测, 就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。
◇ could + have done 表示“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。
― We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
― Yes. A taxi was not at all necessary.
I could have won if I hadn’t fallen over.
◇ must + have done 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定……”。
Her eyes were red, she must have been crying.
You must have left your handbag in the theatre last night, I think.
◇ can (could) + have done表示对过去情况的推测，只用于否定和疑问句中，意为“一定没有……，一定不会……”。用 could 比用 can 语气更加委婉些。
He couldn’t have gone to bed, you see, the light in his room is still on .
Where is Dick? Where can he have gone?
◇ should (ought to) + have done 表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”，其否定式则表示“本来不该做而实际上做了”，常含有责备的语气。
You should have been here five minutes ago.
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.
◇ needn’t + have done 表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了。”
I got up early, but needn’t have done so, because I had nothing to do that morning.
You needn’t have written such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words.
◇ would like to have done 表示“本来希望做而却未做的事”。
I’d like to have gone to college.
I’d like to have seen his face when he opened the letter.
◇ may (might) + have done表示对过去的推测，多用于陈述句，意思是“可能……”。用 might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。
I may have misunderstood him.
She might have taken the book with her, I suppose.
They might have been quarrelling about the problem the whole day.
◇ would / should + have done 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反。should 只用于第一人称，would 用于各人称。
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.
第二部分：练习
I. 单项选择
1. ―I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
―You _____ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
2. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
3. ―Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
―Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could B. should C. might D. must
4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who_________ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
5. What would have happened _____, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
6. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
7. ―Well done, Tom!
　 ―Thanks, but given me more time, I _____ it much better.
A. could do B. should have done
C. might do D. could have done
8. He ______. It's a shame my mobile phone was power-off.
A. ought to call me B. could have called me
C. may be calling me D. might call me
II. 完成句子
1． 别人反对他的意见时，他很容易生气。
He ___ ___ get angry easily when people ___ his ideas.
2.我小时候做梦都不敢想拥有这么大的房子。
I had never ___ ____ ____ such a large house when I was a child.
3.只要你答应好好爱护它，我会把书借给你的。
I will ___ my book ___ you ___ ___ ____ you promise to take good care of it.
4.他们达成了一个协议，决定不将秘密透漏给其他人。
They ____ _____ ____ that no one should tell the secret to others.
5.那对双胞胎兄弟看上去太像了，我实在无法把他们分辨开来。
The twin brothers look so similar that I really can’t ____ ____ them.
6. 我们学校的学生罢课是不可能。
It is ____ for the students in our school ___ ____.
7.我们举办电影节的想法早在1978就已筹划。
The idea for our film festival was ___ ____ in 1978.
8.他获准加入俱乐部。
He _____ _____ to the club.
9.她不顾她的反对而出去了。
She went out ____ ___ her _____.
10.我是代表其他成员提出要求的。
My demand is ____ _____ that of the other members.
第三部分：练习答案
I. 单项选择
1. 答案D. should have done 表示“（过去）本来应该做了某事”，言外之意又没做，表达说话人极为不满的情绪。
2. 答案A. 后一分句中的一般过去时暗示，Mr. White“（过去）本来应该8：30到会”。C项是错误结构。
3. 答案D. 由对话语境可知，他们谈论的是过去的事情，且答话人是依据对方所说的事实作推断，用must 加完成式，表现了非常肯定的语气。
4. 答案C could have done表示对过去情况的推断，意为“可能是……”。should have done表示本来应该做而没有做；must have done表示过去一定那样做了，对过去情况的肯定的推测；would have done常用来表示虚拟语气。
5. 答案C. 因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢?
6. 答案D. 根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。
7. 答案D.本题须注意对话这一语境。答语中用了一个过去分词作状语，表条件，细细体会一下说话人的意图不难看出，该过去分词短语应相当于if I had been given more time,即对过去的情况进行假设。故主句须用“情态动词+完成式”。could have done表示与过去事实相反，意思是“本来可以”，该句话的意思是“如果再多给点时间的话，我可以做得更好”。
8. 答案B. 后一句陈述了事实（手机关机了），这里用的是一般过去时。四个选项只有could have done对过去时间里发生的事情的推测，意为“可能……过”。
II. 完成句子
1. tends, to, oppose 2.dreamt of possessing 3.lend,to,as,long,as
4. made, an, agreement 5.distinguish,between 6.impossible,boycott class
7. hatched, back 8. gained admission 9.regardless, of, objection
10. is, representative, of

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