① observe vt .& vi. 观察,注意到;遵守(法律、习俗等);
庆祝(节日等);评论,评述
(回归课本P33)Qi Baishi observed the world of nature very carefully,and his paintings are special because of this.
齐白石对自然界观察得很仔细,他的画因此而别具特色。
【归纳总结】
①He observed that the key was missing the moment he got home.
他一到家就发现钥匙不见了。
②Ben knew that someone had observed him meeting Ryan.
本知道有人看到他和瑞安见面了。
③Does everyone observe the speed limit in your country?
在你们国家是否人人都遵守限制车速的规定?
④She observed that the journey was long and tiring.
她说这次旅行又长又累。
【例句探源】
1.Though having lived abroad for years,many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A.perform B.possess
C.observe D.support
解析:选C。observe在此句中意为“遵守”。perform履行,执行,表演;possess占有,拥有,摆布,支配;support支持,支援。
2.完成句子
Every one is expected to______________________.
人人应该遵守交通规则。
答案:observe the traffic rules
【即境活用】
② adopt vt. 采纳,采用;收养
(回归课本P32)a style of painting adopted by a group of artists
一种被一群艺术家所采用的绘画风格
【归纳总结】
①Having no children of their own, they decided to adopt an orphan.因为他们没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。
②Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted.
许多建议很快就被采纳了。
③The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...中国政府已正式通过几条噪音控制方案……
【例句探源】
【易混辨析】
adopt,adapt
(1)adopt表示“采纳(意见/计划/方法);采用;收养”等。
(2)adapt表示“适应”时常用adapt oneself to,表示“修改(为……之用)”时常用adapt+n.+for use。
①The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.
②We’d like to adopt your idea.
3.(高考浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A.adapt B.appeal
C.attach D.apply
解析:选A。考查短语辨析。句意:关于孩子们,好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”;appeal to表示“对……有吸引力”;attach to表示“(使)相关”;apply to则表示“运用,适用于”。根据语意,故选A项。
【即境活用】
4.完成句子
Our school has ________________________________.
我们学校采用了一个新的方法。
答案:adopted a new method of teaching
③ stand v. 站立;忍受;承担
n. 看台;摊子;立场
(回归课本P33)But I can’t stand that picture of a golden?haired girl.
但我受不了那幅金发女孩儿的画。
【归纳总结】
can’t stand sb./sth.不能忍受某人/物
can’t stand(sb./sth.)doing sth.不能忍受(某人/物)做……
stand by袖手旁观;支持(某人)
stand for代表
stand out显眼;突出
stand on one’s hands/head倒立
stand on one’s feet独立
①I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那样的音乐。
②I can’t stand people interrupting me all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
③I can’t stand my little brother because he is too noisy.
我不能忍受我的小弟因为他太吵了。
④A teacher can’t stand being cheated by his students.
老师不能忍受被学生欺骗。
【例句探源】
【即境活用】
5. Modern plastics can________very high and very low temperatures.
A.stand B.hold C.carry D.support
解析:选A。stand在句中表示能够承受很高和很低的温度。
6.I can’t stand________with Jane in the same office.
She just refuses________talking while she works.
A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping
C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop
解析:选C。stand 后跟v.?ing 形式refuse后跟to do 形式。
④ reality n. 真实;现实;逼真
(回归课本P33)Xu Beihong believed that artists should show reality,but not just imitate it.
徐悲鸿认为艺术家应该表现现实,不只是模仿。
【归纳总结】
①In reality ,my grandfather can no longer walk...
事实上,我爷爷已经不能走路了……
②I realised that he needed help at that time.
我了解到他当时需要帮助。
③She finally realised her ambition to see the Great Wall.
她最终实现了游览长城的愿望。
④This book gives a realistic description of the life of ordinary people in Beijing.
这本书真实地描述普通北京人的生活。
【例句探源】
7.The________of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon,the training centre will have to close.
A.reality B.cause C.reason D.result
解析:选A。句意“现实情况是,如果我们不能很快找到新的资金,培训中心就不得不关闭。”
8.完成句子
She says she’s poor but_____________she has a lot of money.
她说她很穷,但事实上她很有钱。
答案:in reality
【即境活用】
⑤ put off 推迟;延期
(回归课本P35)She put off completing the picture,because she didn’t like it.
她把完成这幅画的时间推迟了,因为她不喜欢这幅画。
put aside撇开,置之不理;节省,储蓄,储存
put away放好(某物),储存
put back推迟,延迟;使(人或物)回到(以前的位置或状态)
put down写下,记下;击败;批评
put forward提出;推荐某人
put on穿上,戴上;演出
put out熄灭,扑灭;生产,制造
put up with忍受,忍耐
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日事,今日毕。
②We’ll have to put off going on vacation until you’re better.
我们得把休假日期推迟,直到你好些为止。
③(朗文P1661)I just don’t have the money right now?I’ll have to put him off for another week.
我现在没钱??我不得不让他再等一周。
9.用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)Here’s my address-put it ________ in case you forget it.
(2)A new theory was put ________ at the meeting.
(3)Kids,let’s put your toys ________ and go out for lunch.
(4)There are many inconveniences that you have to put up ________when you are away from home.
(5)He has put ________ a lot of money.
答案:(1)down (2)forward (3)away (4)with
(5)aside
【即境活用】
10.(高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to__________the knives and spoons.
A.put away B.put up
C.put on D.put together
解析:选A。句意:妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away(使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里;put up 举起,建造、搭起,张贴等;put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽),演出(戏剧);put together合计,合起来,组装。根据句意,A项正确。
⑥ take turns 轮流
(回归课本P37) Take turns to ask your questions.轮流问问题。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
by turns轮流
a hand’s turn举手之劳
in turn反过来;依次
in one’s turn轮到……
【归纳总结】
① They took turns at driving/to drive the car.
他们轮流开车。
②The students filled in the form in turn.
学生们依次填表。
③You mustn’t speak out of your turn.
未轮到你时,不要发言。
④It’s your turn to do the cleaning.轮到你扫除了。
【例句探源】
11.In winter people burn a lot of coal to warm themselves,and this__________causes pollution and global warming.
A.in turn B.in all
C.take turns D.by turn
解析:选A。“冬天人们烧煤取暖,这样反过来又造成了环境污染和全球变暖。”
【即境活用】
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 This is a painting by the Spanish artist,Pablo Picasso,considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century.(P33)
这是西班牙画家巴勃罗?毕加索的一幅油画,他被认为是20世纪西方最伟大的艺术家。
【句法分析】 considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰Pablo Picasso。过去分词(短语)作定语,与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系,少数过去分词也可表示完成,不表示被动。
①The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.
政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。
②The electric bicycle produced by our factory is of high quality.
我们厂生产的电动车质量很高。
③The fox(which was)shot in the legs couldn’t run any longer.
这只狐狸被射中了腿部,再也不能奔跑了。
④She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.
她正在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成,不表被动)
12.(高考四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.
A.to question B.to be questioned
C.questioned D.questioning
解析:选C。句意:许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students 和question之间是被动关系,故排除A、D两项;B项表示要被询问,不符合语境;C项表示被询问过的,符合句意。
【即境活用】
13.(高考北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position__________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A.advertised B.to be advertised
C.advertising D.having advertised
解析:选A。句意:我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position的定语,与position在逻辑上是被动关系,根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”,表示被动及完成,故A项符合题意。
② 【教材原句】 What do you make of (it)?(P38)
你认为它怎么样?
【句法分析】 (1)此句相当于What do you think of...?或What’s your opinion of...?
make of 常用于what 引导的疑问句或否定句中。
①What do you make of this latest idea?
你对这个最新的计划有何看法?
②I didn’t make much of his speech,did you?
我听不懂他的演讲,你呢?
③Make the most of the sunshine,because we don’t get such fine weather in winter.
好好地享受阳光,因为在冬天我们没有多少这样的好天气。
14.?We have to attract younger customers.
?Exactly!__________
A.You’ve got it right.
B.What do you make of it?
C.That’s all right.
D.Thanks a lot.
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