Welcome to the unit:
1. have an effect on 对…有影响 effect(n), effective (adj), _effectively _(adv)
eg. Alcoholic drink can _have a bad effect on__ your health. 对你的健康有害
The government action _had no effects on the trade imbalance. 对…无影响
be of no effect 无效，没有作用，不中用 carry sth into effect 使生效， 实现
put sth into effect 实行，实施 come into effect 开始生效
Reading:
1. curious
(1) curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的； 奇特的
Children are curious about everything around them. I am curious to know what he said.
I’m curious how he will do it. It is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
归纳用法：_ be curious about be curious to do _be curious +O-clause It is curious that
(2) curiously adv. 好奇地；稀奇古怪地
Philip looked curiously at the people. 他好奇地看着人们。
(3) curiosity n. [u.]好奇感, 求知欲，好奇心
in/ with curiosity 好奇地（相当于curiously）； out of/ from curiosity 出于好奇心
1) Philip looked at the people in/with curiosity. 他好奇地看着人们。
2) He kept asking me numerous questions about it out of / from curiosity.
出于好奇，对那件事他问了我许多问题。
(4) curiosity n. [C.]希奇的事；珍品
This red and yellow striped seashell is quite a curiosity. 这个红黄相间的贝壳是件珍品。
2. discovery
(1) discovery n.[c.] 发现
1) Scientists made a lot of amazing scientific discoveries in the twentieth century.
科学家们在二十世纪作出了许多惊人的科学发现。
2) She was shocked at the discovery that he was a thief. 她震惊地发现他原来是个贼。
(2) discover vt. 发现(发现世界上原本就存在的事物)
区别：invent vt. 发明 （发明世界上原本不存在的事物）
1) Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲大陆。
2) Alexander invented the telephone. 亚历山大发明了电话。
(3) discoverer n. [c.] 发现者
1) It was Madame Curie who/ that first discovered radium. 是居里夫人首先发现了镭元素。
2) Madame Curie is well known as the discoverer of radium. 作为镭元素的发现者而出名。
3. as well as
(1) as well as 同样；也；以及（用于连接两个并列的成分；相当于not only… but also 但as well as强调的是它前面的内容， 而not only… but also强调的是but also部分的内容。当as well as 用来连接两个名词作主语时，句中谓语动词的形式必须与前一个名词一致。）
1) John can speak Chinese as well as French. 约翰不仅能讲法语而且能讲中文。
2) It’s important for you as well as for me. 这不仅对我而且对你也很重要。
3) Lily as well as her classmates was disappointed when they knew their team failed.
(2) as well同样；也（相当于副词too）
1) I’m going to London and my sister is coming as well/too. 我将去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。
2) She can ride a horse and swim; she can shoot as well/ too. 她会骑马和游泳，她也会射击。
3)他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
He gave me money as well as advice.=He gave me advice, and money as well.
4. present
（1) adj. 出席的，在场的 ； be present at…出席/ 在场……
people present 在场的人们 (指“出席的或在场的”意思作定语时，常作后置定语)
1) How many people were present at the meeting？ 有多少人出席了那次会议？
2) He was pleased at seeing so many people present. 他很高兴地看到那么多人在场。
3) It was unfair to discuss his case if he was not present.如果他不在场
4）All the people present are discussing the problem.所有到场的人们
adj. 现有的,现存的(作定语时常前置)
当前政府present government ; 目前的情况present situation
(2) n. 礼物 (相当于gift)；birthday presents
(3) n. 现在，目前 at present 目前
At present we are living in Richmond. 目前我们住在里士满。
(4) vt. 呈现；递交；赠送;介绍，引见;
present sth. to sb. 把某物递交给某人（ 也可以用present sb. with sth. 来表示）
1) They presented flowers to their teacher. 他们把花送给了老师。
2) The latest development presents a problem. 最近的发展呈现出一个问题。
3)The characters in the novel are vividly presented._________________________
5. result
(1) result vi. 结果，导致 result in/ lead to导致； result from… 由……而引起/产生；起因于
1) His carelessness resulted in/ led to the traffic accident. 她的粗心导致了那次交通事故。
2) The traffic accident resulted from his carelessness. 那次交通事故是由于他粗心引起的。
(2) result n. [c]/ [u] 结果；效果
the results of a competition 竞赛的结果; work without much result 没有效果的工作
as a result 因此, 结果； as a result of 作为……的结果；由于……
He was late for class_ as a result of ___ the heavy rain.
= It rained heavily; as a result, he was late for class.
6. certain
(1) certain adj. 确定的, 肯定的 (近义词：sure )
be certain about/ of…/ be sure about/ of… 确信某事；对某事有把握
be certain/sure to do… 务必会做……；一定会做……
1) You must be certain/ sure of / about the facts. 你必须对这些事实很确信。
2) He is certain/sure to return. 他肯定会回来的。
(2) be certain/ sure + that... 相信; make certain/ sure that … 确保/确信
1）We are certain/ sure that he will get over his illness. 我们肯定他会康复的。
2) I was not certain/sure whether he would come. 我不能确信他是否会来。
3) I stayed long enough to make certain/sure that the house was absolutely empty.
我在那呆得久一些以确保那房子确实是空的。
(3) It’s certain that… 是肯定的(在此句型中不能说：It’s sure that …)
for certain / for sure肯定地
1) It’s certain that he will win the election. 他肯定会赢得这次大选。
2) I cannot say for certain/sure when he will arrive.
我不能肯定地说他何时能到达。
7. pay off
(1) 成功，带来好结果; 是值得的，没有白费
1) All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off.
那为成为探险家训练多年所付出汗水最后终于得到了好结果。
2) His hard work paid off when he got the promotion.
当他得到晋升时他所有的辛劳都得到了回报。
3）Did your plan pay off?_你的 计划成功了吗？
4）His patience and hard work finally paid off with a gold medal.
他的耐心和辛劳终于有了回报，获得了一枚金质奖章
(2) pay off one’s debt(s) 还清债务
I will pay off my debt with this check. 我将用这张支票偿还债务。
pay a visit to 拜访，访问 pay attention to 对…注意
pay back 偿还，报复 pay for 付钱
8. warning
(1) warning n. 警告；提醒；前车之鉴
His heart attack will be a warning to him not to work so hard.
他心脏病的突发将会是对他如此卖命工作的一个警告
(2) warn vt.警告 warn sb. of/about sth.警告某人某事
warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事=warn sb. against doing sth.
warn sb. against sth. 警告某人提防某事 warn sb. that 警告某人……
1) He was warned of the danger. 他被警告有危险。
2) She warned him against eating too much candy. 她警告他吃太多糖不好。
3) I warned you not to buy that old car. 我曾警告你/提醒你不要买那辆旧车的。
4) She warned me against pickpockets. 她提醒我小心扒手。
5) He warned us that the roads were icy. 他警告我们路上结冰了。
9. manage
(1) manage vt.设法, 努力, 争取
The repair work is difficult but I can manage (it). 这修理工作不容易, 但我能对付下来。
(2) manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.设法做成某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事(但不一定做成功)
1)The box was heavy but he managed to carry it away. 但他还是设法把它搬走了。
2) He tried to get there on time but he failed. 他试图按时到那儿, 可是没能做到。
(3) 经营，管理
E.g. He is managing the business for his father._____________________
manage the department store/ firm_____________________
management n 经营，管理 manager 经理，负责人
10. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.
preserve vt 保护，防护，维护 ； 保存，包藏 ； 保持，维持 ；防腐
preserve one’s eyesight____________________ preserve peace__________________
preserve sth./ sb. from… 保护……免于……
preserved fruit 防腐水果
the preserve （野生动物）保护区
The city should take steps to preserve the old temple.
Oil usually preserves metal from rust.
No hunting is allowed in the preserve.
11. At the moment of Carnarvon’s death, the lights went out in Cairo.
go out : 熄灭，
Without more coal, the fire will go out soon._.火很快熄灭
The light went out suddenly and we were left in the dark.灯突然灭了
12. When the tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses.
disturb vt 弄乱，打乱，打扰，扰乱
A light wind __disturbed the surface of water__.拂动水面
She has disturbed his plan to go abroad. 打乱了他出国的计划
翻译下面句子
I am sorry to disturb you, but can I ask you a question?_____________________
Don’t disturb the papers on my desk. ____________________________
13. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
= If they are breathed in , they can result in illness or even death.
He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked..
If taken correctly, the medicine should work.=If it is taken correctly, the medicine should work.
Grammar
14. contact n. 接触，联系（不可数）社会关系，门路（可数名词）
keep in contact with = keep in touch with ; make contact with （想办法）联络某人
v. 接触，联系 How can I contact you? 我咋联系你？
15. survive 1) vi & vt 幸免于，幸存，生还
Only one baby survived in the terrible car crash._____________________
Few houses in this district have survived after the storm.___________________
survivor n. 生还者，残存物； survival n. 生存，幸存
16. apply applies applied
1) 申请 apply to sb. for sth. apply to the company for the job___________________
2) 应用vt. Apply the new technology to an operation_______________________
You can’t apply this rule to every case. = This rule can’t be applied to every case.
3) 适合 What you said doesn’t apply to me.
17. prove 1)vt 证明，证实+n/ that clause 可用于被动语态
e.g. We have proved our courage in the battle.
Can you prove what you were doing at 9:00 last night.
2)V-link事实证明，结果是，+adj./ prep./ n./ to be；It proves that sb/ sth…= Sb/ Sth proves to be
e.g. He proved an honest friend.
It proved to be much more difficult than she had expected.
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