Unit 4 Earthquake
Warming up Reading ＆Grammar
学案
Aims
1.了解唐山大地震的有关情况;地震前发生的一些异常现象，地震发生后对整个城市造成的毁灭性破坏，以及随之而来的全国军民大救援等。
2.认识到这个道理：如果我们能够了解并认识地震前的预兆，就能提前做好准备，让更多的人获得求生的机会，减少或避免不必要的损失。
3.进一步练习阅读方法与技能，如细读?close reading?,总结、归纳内容的能力?summarizing?,猜测词义的能力?word-guessing skills?
4.学习使用谈论过去经历的句子。
5.学习并掌握本课的词语、表达方式、语法结构。
WARMING UP
一.Translate the following
1.It is always calm before a storm._______________________________________.
2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake._______________________________.
这里imagine的意思是____________________.其后可跟名词，代词，动词的ing形式和宾语从句。例如：我想象不出他长的什么样儿。_______________________________________.
I can hardly imagine two of them______ the enemies.
A.defeat B.to defeat C.defeating D.to have defeated
3.Describe to your parter what might happen to all the things in the photos.
Translate:_____________________________________________________.
在这里happen to sb/sth的意思是_________________________.例如：
你知道大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗？__________________________________________?
另外，happen to do sth 的意思____________________________ 例如：
他来访时，我恰巧出去了。______________________________________________.
Answers: 暴风雨来临之前总是很平静的。 现在设想已经发生了一场大地震。 设想，想象 I can’t imgaine what he looks like. C. 给你的同伴表述一下照片里的东西都发生了什么事情。 某人或某物发生什么事情 Do you know what happened to David last night?
碰巧做某事 I happened to be out when he called.
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
一．Read the text quickly and join the correct parts of the sentences.
1. The chickens didn’t eat because
2. The people didn’t worry because
3. Such a great number of people
died because
4. Water was needed because
5. The people did not lose hope because
Answers: CEBDA
二．Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1.Why didn’t chickens eat before the earthquake?
2.Why did mice run out into the fields?
3.When did these strange events happen?
4.Why didn’t people worry before the quake?
5.When did the first quake last?
6.How long did the first quake last?
7.How many people were killed or injured in the Tangshan earthquake?
8.Why were so many people killed or injured?
9.Who were trapped under the ruins when another quake shook Tangshan?
10.What did the army do after the big quake?
Answers:
1.Because they were too nervous.
2.Because they wanted to look for places to hide.
3.At about 3:00 am,on July28,1976.
4.Because they were sleep when the quake happened.
5.At 3:42 am,on July 28,1976.
6.Fifteen seconds.
7.More than 400,000.
8.Because they didn’t expect the earthquake before it and didn’t prepare for it.
9.Some of the rescue workers and doctors.
10.They dug out those who were trapped and buried the dead.
三． Scan the passage and find out the topic sentence of each paragraph
Paragraph Topic sentence Position in the paragraph
1
2
3
4
Answers:
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. Beginning
Everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end. beginning
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. Beginning
All hope was not lost. Beginning
四．Read the text carefully again and find some detailed information from it.
Paragraph1.
Signs before an earthquake
What can see:_______________________________________________.
What can smell:_____________________________________________.
What can hear:_____________________________________________.
Answers:Water in the village wells rose and fell;the well walls had deep cracks in them;
The chickens and the pigs were too nervous to eat;Mice ran out of the fields looking for place to hide ; Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds; There were bright lights in the sky;The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.
Paragraph2:
What happened in the earthquake
A huge crack________________________________________________________________.
Steam _____________________________________________________________________.
Hard hills of rock_____________________________________________________________.
In fifteen seconds_____________________________________________________________.
Two-thirds of people__________________________________________________________.
Thousands of families__________________________________________________________.
The number of _______________________________________________________________.
Answers:
That was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.
Burst from holes in the ground.
Became rivers of dirt.
A large city lay in ruins.
Died or were injured during the earthquake.
Were killed and many children were left without parents.
Peopoe who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Paragraph3.
Destructions of the earthquake:
Hospitals:__________________________________________________________.
Factories and buildings:______________________________________________.
Bricks:__________________________________________________________.
Dams and bridges:_________________________________________________.
railway tracks:____________________________________________________.
cows:_____________________________________________________________.
pigs and chickens:__________________________________________________.
Answers: All of them were gone. 75?of the factories and buildings were gone.
Covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. Were now useless pieces of steel. Would never give milk again. Were dead.
Paragraph4.
some rescue work:
The army_____________________________________________________________.
to the north of the city___________________________________________________.
Workers____________________________________________________________.
Answers: organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.;
most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
五．Read the text again and finish the following passage.
____________ happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells _____________. From the ______ of wells __________came out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became ________. At 3:00 am, everything began to ______.It seemed that the world was _________. _________ of the nation ____ it. ___________ cut across the city. The city lay _______.
Two-thirds of the people died or ___________. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tangshan. People began to wonder _____________________________. But all hope ____________. Soldiers came to help those ________. Slowly, the city began to _________________.
Answers:Strange things rose and fell cracks smelly gas nervous Shake at an end One-third felt A huge crack in ruins were injured shook how long the disaster would last was not lost survivors breathe again
六．Language points:
1.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
?translate?______________________________________________.
短语be covered with 的意思是__________________;例如：
地面上全是雪。The ground ____ ________ ____snow.
2.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.
?translate?_____________________________________________.
短语be filled with的意思是________________,相当于短语______________.例如：
我们都十分佩服他的成就。We______ all _____ ______admiration for his achievements.
Instead of的意思是______________,其用法相当于介词，常用在名词，副词，形容词，代词，介词短语或动名词前。
Instead是副词，不能接任何词，意思是代替，顶替，反而，却。 例如：
他没有回答，反而转身离开了房间。
He didn’t reply._______,he turned on his heel ?突然转身?and left the room.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
I can walk to work _____________ going by car.
3..Another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
?translate?_______________________________________________________.
这里which引导的是___________从句，修饰_____把它分解成两个完全独立的句子为：
A.___________________________________________________.
B,______________________________________________________.
4.All hope was not lost.也可以说成：Not all hope was lost.意思是：
______________________________________________________.
它是部分否定。
而No wind,however,could blow them away.是全部否定。意思是____________________.
区别并翻译：
Not all the birds can sing.______________________________________.
No birds can sing.___________________________________________.
5.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
?translate?________________________________________________________.
短语organize sb to do sth的意思是___________________________
Eg:上周学生会组织了我们进行大扫除。
The students union______ _______ ______ do the cleaning last week.
They organized the workers into unions.?translate?______________________________.
6.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.
?translate?___________________________________________________________.
在这里，to the north of: 在……的北面?表示不属于同一范围?
In the north of表示在同一范围
On the north of 表示两地毗邻或接壤。
Eg.用to the east of in the east of on the east of 填空
⑴Japan is ___________________Asia.
⑵Japan is ___________________China.
⑶North Korean is _____________________China.
思考：引导词为什么用whose， 在这里whose 相当于______________. 例如：
7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
?translate?_____________________________________________.
在这里，whose homes had been destroyed 是_______从句，修饰__________.
你认识那个父亲是工程师的男孩吗？
Do you know that boy ________father is an engineer??who whose whom?
Answers:
1.砖头象秋天的落叶样盖在了地面上。 为……覆盖 is/was covered with
2.现在井中满是沙子而不是水。 充满了 be full of are filled with 取代，代替 instead instead of 3.另外一次和第一次一样强烈的地震再次袭击了唐山。 定语 quake Another big quake shook Tangshan. The quake was almost as strong as the first one. 4.并非所有的希望都破灭了。 然而没有风能够刮走它们。 并非所有的鸟都会唱歌。 没有一只鸟会唱歌。 5.部队组织小组挖掘被困在下面的，同时掩埋死者。 组织某人做某事 organized us to 他们组织工人成立工会。 6.在城市的北方，10000矿工的绝大部分都被从那里 的煤矿里救出来了。 In the east of to the east of on the east of 7.工人们为幸存者搭建避难所，他们的家都被彻底破坏了。定语 surviors surviors’ whose
Grammar
一、关系代词
　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is your book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
　　2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
　　3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
　　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
　　二、关系副词
　　关系副词=介词+关系代词
　　why=for which
　　where=to which
　　when=during which
　　whose=of which
　　1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
　　2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
　　3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
　　4. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话
Some exercises
1.The teacher has two children, ___ are doctors.
A.both of them B. both of the children
C,both of whom D. both of who
2.Do you still remember the chicken farm___ we visited three months ago?
A.where B. when C. that D.what
3.George Orwell,____was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name
4.Madame Curie,for___life had once been very hard ,was successful later.
A.whom B.whose C.which D.that
5. Women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____don’t.
A. who; / B. /; who C. who; who D. /; /
6.He was educated at a local grammar school,___he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from which
7.I still remember the persons and things___we talked about last week.
A.who B. whom C. that D. which
8.The man,___car was parked on the wrong side of the road ,had to pay a fine.
A. whom B. his C. whose D. which
9.He has to work on Sundays,____he doesn’t like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
10. Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unthinkably rich,____is seldom taken notice of by us ,should be trained in that area.
A. which; that B. which; which C, whose; which D. whose; that
Answers: CCDACCCCBC


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