Part One: Teaching Design （第一部分：设计）
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for Reading
(IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM)
Aims：
To read about cultural relics
To learn about The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
I. Warming up
Warming up by defining
Good morning, class. This period we are going to read about IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Before our reading, I’d like to know:
A.What kind of old things are cultural relics?
B.Are all the old things cultural relics?
C.What is the definition and classification of cultural relics?
D.To whom do cultural relics belong?
Keys for reference:
A. Cultural relics are physical remainders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. It can also be said that cultural relics are more than works of art, they are symbols of history and the people who lived in the past.
B. No, not all the old objects are cultural relics.
C. Each kind of relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic is still a unique cultural expression and contributions.
D. In a larger sense, it can be said that all the cultural relics belong to all peoples and whole societies, not a certain individual.
Warming up by presenting
Hi, everyone. Let’s look at the screen. I’ll present you some pictures. They all belong to cultural relics. Some of them are cultural sites. Some of them are natural sites. Please think these over：
A.Can you name them out?
B.Who have the right to confirm and classify them?
Keys for reference:
A. They are cultural sites: The Great wall; The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang; The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors; The Mogao Cave. These are natural sites: The Jiu Zhai Gou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area; The Huang Long Scenic and Histioric Interest Area. The following are cultural and natural sites: Mount Taishan; Mount Huangshan; Mount WuYi.
B. Only an international professional organization from UN has the authority to confirm and classify them.
Warming up by discussing
Now, boys and girls, I met a “moral dilemma”. That means I must make a choice between the interests of the family and the interests of the society. Things are like this: My old granny happened to find an ancient vase under the tree in the earth of our garden. It’s so beautiful and special. Now, my family fell into a moral dilemma. Can you help us to make a decision:
A: What should we do?
B: Can we keep it for ourselves or report it to the government?
C: Have you come across such a situation ? to make a difficult choice?
Keys: ABC questions can be answered in all kinds of ways. The answers are flexible.
II. Pre-reading
1. Looking and saying
Work in pairs. Look at the photos on the screen. All these relics are quite beautiful. But some of them were lost and ruined in history，such as Yuan MingYuan and the Amber Room. Please guess:
A.What kinds of things can result in their disappearing?
B.Why do they come into being once again?
Keys for reference:
A. Maybe wars, natural disasters, and time have damaged or destroyed them, getting them lost and changed. Many of them were even stolen and hidden while nobody knows who, where and how.
B. People get to know these. If these relics could not be found again, they would be rebuilt by people.
2. Explaining and sharing
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates:
A.What do you know about the substance of “amber”?
B.What do you know about the cultural relics “the Amber Room”?
Keys for reference:
I am from group 2. From the knowledge we got from biology and chemistry, we know “amber” is a semi-precious stone used in jewelry and art world. Amber is really the fossil form of resin from trees. It has got its shape after a process that has taken millions of years to complete. Trees in very ancient forests produced this resin, which slowly dropped from trees and was buried. Trees use resin to protect themselves from disease and harm caused by insects and fungi.
I am from group 6. From the information of history legends and news reports, we know the Amber Room is a room built by lots of ambers. It was a gift given to Peter the Great, the King of Russia, by the King of Prussia, Frederick William I. It was given the name because almost thousand tons of natural ambers were used to make it. But during the second world war in 1941, the Nazi German army secretly stole the Amber Room and sent boxes of the Amber Room on a train to a German city. After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
III. Reading
1. Reading aloud to the recording
Now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.
2. Skimming and identifying the general idea of each paragraph
Now please skim the text to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph.
1st paragraphthe introduction about the Amber Room: design, colour, shape, material
2nd paragraph the present to the Czar: a part of winter palace in St. Petersburg, a reception hall for important visitor
3rd Paragraphthe relocating of the Amber Room in Catherir Ⅱ times: moved into Summer Palace, more added to its design
4th Paragraphthe missing of the Amber Room: the two countries were at war, Nazi German army stole the Amber Room, 27 wooden boxes were trained to a German city, Nobody knew it from then on
5th Paragraphthe rebuilding of the Amber Room: a new one but the same as the old built by the two countries, for celebrating the 300th birthday of Peterburg
3.Scanning and analyzing the characteristics of the text.
Since you have got to know the general ideas of each paragraph, can you tell me the characteristics of the passage, such as, the type of writing, the way of narrating, and the tense?
Keys for reference:
This piece of passage is a narrative prose or non-fiction article written in a narrating style. It tells the history of Amber Room in the order of time so that we can clearly learn about what happened to it. The tense used in the text is past tense.
4.Reading and understanding
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
look into…, be used to…, make the design for the room, in fact, as a gift of…, add more details to…, remove… from the search for…,belong to…, feel as hard as stone, the fancy style, be made for…, in return, one of the great wonders, art objects, look much like…, give the name, be made into any shape, be made with gold and jewels, be made to be a gift, serve as…, at war, remain a mystery, be ready for…
5. Reading and transferring information
Read the text again to complete the table, which lists all the numbers in the text.
NUMBER MEANING
1716Frederic William gave the Amber Room to Peter the Great as a gift.
1770Catherine Ⅱ had completed the adding to the Amber Room in this year.
1941The Nazi German army stole the Amber Room in this year.
2003The rebuilding of the Amber Room was completed in this year.
7000 TonsThe total weight of the ambers used to make the room.
55The number of soldiers given to the king of Russia in return.
600The number of the candles lighting the Amber Room.
2The two countries: German and Russia.
2In two days the Amber Room was removed to a German city.
100,000The Amber Room was dismantled into 100,000 pieces
2727 wooden boxes were used to contain the pieces of Amber Room.
300thThe newly rebuilt Amber Room was ready for the 300th birthday of St Peterburg city
6.Reading and learning
Read the text and learn more about the following proper nouns. You can surf on the website after class:
Names of people Names of places
Frederick ⅠPrussia
Frederick William ⅠSt.Peterburg
Peter the GreatKonigsberg
Catherine ⅡWinter Palace
Summer Palace
Ⅳ Closing down
Closing down by doing exercises
To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and No. 2.
Closing down by having a discussion
A.Can you imagine the fate of the Amber Room? What is it?
B.Do you think if it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room? Why?
Keys for reference:
A. I have no idea about the fate of the Amber Room. Because anything can happen to it. Maybe it was destroyed at war in the fighting fire. You see, ambers can be melted easily. Maybe it was kept secretly by somebody who had died without telling about it to anyone else. So maybe it is lying somewhere quietly.
B. I think it is worthwhile to reproduce the Amber Room. Because it represents the culture and a period of history in St. Petersburg. It is a trace and feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of a lost time.
Closing down by retelling the story of the Amber Room
Well, all of us have learned the history of the Amber Room. Let’s recall some key words and expressions on the board. You are to retell the story of the Amber Room:
ColourStyleShape
ownerpresentmove to winter palace
add tomore detailsremove to pieces
put on trains remain a mystery 300th birthday
Period 2: A lesson plan for Learning about Language
(The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)
Aims:
To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause
To discover some useful words and expressions
To discover some useful structures
Procedures:
I. Warming up
Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions
Please turn to page 3. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 first. Please check your answers against your classmates’.
Warming up by explaining
Now, class, since you’ve read the passage, could you explain to me how to use the phrase “belong to”? The word “to” here is a preposition, indicating the possession, and is always followed by nouns or pronoun. Look at Ex 3. The preposition “at” indicates a state, condition or continuous activity. So we can replace them or express them by using a present-continuous tense.
II. Learning about Attributive Clause
1. What is an adjective Clause?
An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?” or “what kind of?” Consider the following examples:
Adjective
the red coat
Adjective clause
the coat which I bought yesterday
Like the word “red” in the first example, the dependent clause “which I bought yesterday” in the second example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before.
In formal writing, an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),” “that,” or “which.” In informal writing or speech, you may leave out the relative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun in formal, academic writing:
informal
The books people read were mainly religious.
formal
The books that people read were mainly religious.
informal
Some firefighters never meet the people they save.
formal
Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save.
Here are some more examples of adjective clauses:
the meat which they ate was tainted
This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which meat?”.
They’re talking about the movie which made him cry
This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which movie?”.
They are searching for the student who borrowed the book
The clause modifies the pronoun “student” and answers the question “which student?”.
Did I tell you about the author whom I met?
The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which author?”.
2. Restrictive & non restrictive clauses
Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing?
1a My uncle, who lives in London, is very rich.
2b My uncle who lives in London is very rich.
2a The policies, which were unpopular, were rejected by the voters.
2b The policies which were unpopular were rejected by the voters.
3a My niece, whose husband is out of work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured.
3b My niece whose husband is out of work will inherit the house which I have always treasured.
The first sentence in each pair has a non-restrictive clause within two commas, and the second has a restrictive clause. A non-restrictive clause simply adds more information into the sentence and does not affect the meaning of the main clause: it is therefore bracketed off with commas (1a = an uncle who happens to live in London). Conversely, a restrictive clause defines its referent in the main clause more specifically and contributes significantly to the meaning of the sentence. Thus it is that particular uncle who lives in London who is referred to (1b). In 2a, all policies were unpopular and all were rejected, whereas in 2b only the policies that were unpopular were rejected. Note that in restrictive clauses the non-human relative pronoun is either ‘that’ or ‘which’, whereas for human referents the relative pronoun can be either ‘who/m’ or ‘that’ (the man that/whom I will marry ....).
3. A test on FORMAL ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Directions: Combine the sentences. Use formal written English.
Use (b) as an adjective clause. Punctuate carefully.
1) (a) An antecedent is a word. (b) A pronoun refers to this word.
An antecedent ____
2) (a) The blue whale is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.(b) It can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons.
The blue whale ____
3) (a) The plane was met by a crowd of 300. (b) Some of them had been waiting for more than 4 hours.
The plane ____
4) (a) In this paper, I will describe the basic process.(b) Raw cotton becomes cotton thread by this process.
In this paper, I will describe ____
5) (a) The researchers are doing case studies of people to determine the importance of heredity in health and longevity.(b) These people’s families have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.
The researchers are doing case studies ____
6) (a) At the end of this month, scientists at the institute will conduct their AIDS research. (b) The results of this research will be published within 6 months.
At the end of this month, scientists ____
7) (a) According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’(that is, a fear of mathematics) is a widespread problem. (b) A solution to this problem must and can be found.
According to many education officials, ‘math phobia’ ____
8) (a) The art museum hopes to hire a new administrator.
(b) Under this person’s direction it will be able to purchase significant pieces of art.
The art museum ____
9) (a) The giant anteater licks up ants for its dinner.
(b) Its tongue is longer than 30 centimeters (12 inches).
The giant anteater ____
10) (a) The anteater’s tongue is sticky.
(b) It can go in and out of its mouth 160 times a minute.
The anteater’s tongue ____
III. Closing down by taking a quiz
Quiz on Attributive clause
Select one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The words you choose should fit the blank in the sentence. Don’t use the HINT buttons unless you really need them.
1. As many children came were given some cakes.
A. that B. as C. who D. whom
2. The visitors saw rows of houses the roofs are red.
A. on which B. of which C. where D. that
3. I usually take a nap after lunch, is my habit.
A. which it B. as it C. as D. that
4. Please tell me the way you did the job.
A. how B. where C. which D. in which
5 Is this museum some German friends visited the day before yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
6. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grain.
A. in which B. where C. that D. with which
7. I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which C. when, that D. which, that
8. Little has been done is helpful to our work.
A. that B. what C. which D. all that
9. Perhaps this is the only market you can get such cheap goods.
A. that B. of which C. by which D. where
10. We’ll put off the outing until next week, __ we won’t be so busy.
A. when B. which C. at which D. in that
Key: 1~10：BBCDA ABADA
Period 3: A lesson plan for using language
Aims:
To learn to tell facts from opinions
To write a reply letter
To listen and speak about cultural relics
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by questions
Morning, class. We always say, “We must respect facts and can’t wholly depend on one’s opinions”. But can you tell me:
A.What does it mean when you say, “It is a fact”?
B.What does it mean when you say, “It is an opinion”?
Keys for reference:
A.A fact must be real, objective and without any personal judgment. So it can be proved.
B. An option always expresses one’s own ideas. It is always subjunctive. So it has not been proved.
Warming up by questioning
Turn to page 5. Read the passage and tell me:
A.If you want to go in for law against somebody, and if you want to win, what’s the most important thing you should do first?
B.What makes a judge decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
Keys for reference:
A. Searching for facts of course. The more, the better.
B. The evidences offered by the eyewitnesses make the judge decide which one is believable and which is not.
II. Guided reading
1.Reading and defining
Read the passage and define: What is a fact? What is an opinion? What is an evidence?
2. Reading and translating
Read the passage and translate it into Chinese paragraph by paragraph. Tom, you are to do paragraph 1, please…
3. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the part. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocation from Using Language on page 5
in a trial, rather than, …more than…, to tell the truth, agree with, It can be proved that …, no reason to lie, a reply to a letter, think highly of, search for, return the treasure to, cost them a lot of time and money
4. Listening
Now, boys and girls, as we know, people have never stopped searching for the Amber Room. This time we’ll listen to what three people say they know about the missing Amber Room. Before we listen to them, I’ll present some related new words to you to help you understand them easily. Please look at the screen and read after me.
explode vt. 爆炸, Czch n. 捷克, mayor n. 市长, melt vt. 熔化, sub (sub marine) n. 潜水艇，水雷, survivor n. 幸存者, Titanic n. 泰坦尼克船
5. Sharing and Correcting
Well done. Now share your forms with your partner and tell me in the three forms: What are facts? What are opinions? Li Ming, do you want a try?
Keys: What they heard, saw, did are facts. And what they believe are opinions.
6. Reviewing
We often use some expressions to ask for opinions. What are they?
Oh, yes. What do you think of …?
Do you believe …?
How can you be sure of …?
How do you know that?
And we often use some expressions to give opinions. What are they? Ok, Tom, Please. Oh, yes. They are: I think… / I don’t think… I don’t agree that… / I suppose that…
7. Discussing
Please look at exercise 3, and discuss which person gave the best evidence. Use the expressions above to help you. Before we discuss, let’s deal with the following discussion:
A.What is the best evidence?
B.How can we know which eyewitness is most believable?
Keys:
A. The best evidence is factual and is given by a person who is believable.
B. The most believable eyewitness is the one who has nothing to gain from telling a lie.
Well done. Let’s come to the discussion “Which person gave the best evidence?”
Keys fore reference:
Jan Hasek is less believable because he owns a little restaurant near the mine. If the search stopped, his business would suffer.
Hans Braun is also less believable because he is working for a company trying to find the ship which carried the treasures in the Baltic sea.
Of the three eyewitnesses, only Anna Petrov has no selfish reason for saying what she has said. In particular, she is not involved in any current effort to find the treasure. Therefore she is the most believable.
8. Reading and writing
Sometimes we may fall into or face a moral choice. That is a moral dilemma. Let’s read the letter on page 7 and see what’s Johann’s choice and opinion. Ok, finished? Now answer the following questions:
A.What’s Johann’s opinion about the Amber Room?
B.What’s his father’s opinion about the things found by him?
C.What happened to Johann when she was a pupil?
Keys:
A.Johann thinks the people who find the Amber Room should keep it for them own.
B.His father thinks as Johann does.
C.She found a little money and kept it to himself.
9. Completing the letters A & B and then giving your own letters
?When you write your letter, you may choose to agree or not agree with the writer.
?You must give a reason why you agree or don’t agree with the writer.
?Be sure to give an example from your own life so that the reader can better understand your opinion.
Ⅲ Closing down
Closing down by a debating
There is a long ancient wall around a less developed town.
It is reported it has a long history, dating back to over 5 century BC. The local government is collecting money to repair and rebuild the wall. It has cost a lot of money. Some of your classmates think it is not worth. Some think it’s a good way to develop the local economy. Now Group 1 and 2 against Group 3 and 4. Let’s have the debating.
Closing down by dictation
?The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
?The room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.
?The man who found the relics insist that it belongs to his family.
?The room was completed the way she wanted it .
?It was ready for the people of St. Petersburg to celebrate the 300th birthday of their city.
?After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
?In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
?Is it something that more than one person believes?
?A fact is anything that can be proved.
?An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
Part Two: Teaching Resources (教学资源)
Section 1: A text structure analysis of IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
I. Type of writing and summary of the idea
Type of writingThis is a piece of narrative writing.
Main idea of the passageThe history of the Amber Room
General idea of 1st ParaThe simple description of the Amber Room
General idea of 2nd ParaThe present sent to the Czar
General idea of 3rd ParaThe detail adding and relocating of the Amber Room
General idea of 4th ParaThe stolen of the Amber Room in World War Ⅱ
General idea of 5th ParaThe rebuilding of the Amber Room
II. A tree diagram
The Amber Room: the best and biggest work of country’s best Prussian artists
Para.1
Section 2: Background information on culture relics
I. What is a culture relic? 何谓 “文化遗产”?
Cultural relics are physical reminders of what different peoples valued in the past and continue to value now. Without these relics, we could not cherish cultural traditions as much or appreciate the lives of the people who practiced those traditions. Although we may not often consider it, cultural relics are not only the possession of one culture. In a larger sense, it can be said that they belong to all peoples. For these reasons, this unit describes cultural relics not from China but other places. Looking at it from another angle, it can also be said that cultural relics preserves some aspect of cultural heritage and each relic, regardless of whether the same hands created many examples of it, is still a unique cultural expression and contribution.
II. The cultural relics of China in the world heritage site list《世界文化遗产名录》中的30处中国文遗产
本单元的主题是“文化遗产”，学生很可能已经亲身接触过当地的文化遗产，或是能过电视、报纸等媒体对此有了一定的了解，因此，在课前教师可让学生列举国内外著名的文化遗产，然后对“文化遗产”给出定义、分类或划分标准。到2004年底，我国已有30处文物古迹和自然景观被联合国科教文组织世界遗产委员会列入《世界遗产名录》，以下是这些文化遗产的名称、性质和列人《世界遗产名录》的年份：
◆Mount Taishan(泰山)，listed as a world cultural and natural site in 1987.
◆The Great Wall(长城)，cultural site, 1987.
◆The Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang(北京故宫、沈阳故宫)，cultural site, 1987,2004.
◆The Mogao Caves(敦煌莫高窟)，cultural site,1987.
◆The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors(泰始皇陵及兵马俑坑)，cultural site,1987.
◆The Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian(周口店北京猿人遗址),cultural site,1987.
◆Mount Huangshan(黄山),cultural and natural site,1990.
◆The Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area(九寨沟风景名胜区),natural site,1992.
◆The Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area(黄龙风景名胜区),natural site,1992.
◆The Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (武陵源风景名胜区)，natural site,1992.
◆The Mountain Resort and its Outline Temple, Chengde(河北承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙),cultural site,1994.
◆The Temple and Cemeter of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu (曲阜孔府、孔庙、孔林)，cultural site,1994.
◆The Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains(武当山古建筑群),cultural site,1994.
◆Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa(西藏布达拉宫),cultural site,1994.
◆The Lushan National Park(庐山)，cultural site,1996.
◆Mount Emei and the Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area(峨眉山一乐山大佛风景名胜区),cultural and natural site.1996.
◆The Ancient City of Pingyao(平遥古城),cultural site,1997.
◆The Classical Gardens of Suzhou(苏州园林),cultural site,1997.
◆The Old Town of Lijiang(丽江古城),cultural site,1997.
◆The Summer Palace(颐和园),cultural site,1998.
◆The Temple of heaven：an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing(天坛),cultural site,1998.
◆Dazu Rock Carvings(大足石刻),cultural site, 1999.
◆Mount Wuyi(武夷山),cultural and natural site,1999.
◆Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System(青城山一都江堰),cultural site,2000.
◆Aucient Villages in Southern Anhui?Xidi and Hongcun(安徽古村落一西递、宏村),cultural site,2000.
◆Longmen Grottoes(龙门石窟),cultural site,2000.
◆Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties(明清皇家陵寝),cultural site 2000.
◆Yungang Grottoes(云冈石窟),cultural site,2001.
◆Three Parallel Rivers of Yunan Protected Areas,natural site(三江并流),2003.
◆Capital cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom(高句丽的王城、王陵和贵族墓葬),cultural site,2004.
Section 3: Words and expressions from Unit I Cultural Relics
cultural
adj. 文化的 a cultural independence / cultural exchange
relic
n. sth. old that reminds us of the past遗迹；古物 unearthed cultural / a relic of early civilization
survive
vt.&vi. to continue to live, esp. after coming close to death; to continue to live after…幸免于；幸存；……之后还活着 survive the traffic accident / survive all her children
remain
vi. 1. to stay or be left behind after others have gone or been removed停留；留居；留下When the others had gone, Mary remained and put back the furniture.2. to continue to be( in an unchanged state)继续；依然remain young / remain to be uncompleted; Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. If you won’t eat you’ll just have to remain hungry! 3. It remains to be seen: we shall know later on.情况仍未明，要看怎样发展。
state
n. 国家；政府；州；状态 state schools / state documents /in a poor state of health
look into: to examine the meaning or causes of考察，调查 look into the matter / look into the event
rare
adj. 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的 the rare air of the mountains / rare metals / a rare book
dynasty
n. 朝代；王朝 the Qing Dynasty / the Tudor dynasty in England
belong to
to be the property of; to be a member of; to be connected with属于；为……的一员;与……有关系belong to a club / belong to a class / belong to me
in search of 寻找 in search of the cure to the disease / in search of the lost boy
amber
n. adj. 琥珀；琥珀制的；琥珀色的 the amber traffic lights / a decoration of amber
gift
n. 赠品；礼物；天赋 birthday gifts / gift vouchers / a gift for music
melt
vt. vi. (使)融化；（使）熔化 melt the snow / melt the anger /melt in water
heat
n. vt. 热；热度；把……加热；使激动 the body heat/ the heat of a debate/ heat soup for lunch
design
n. a plan in the mind; a drawing or pattern showing how sth. is to be made设计；图案 vt. to imagine and plan out in the mind设计；构思 curious in design / make a design for a monument; design an engine / design dresses for a queen
fancy
adj.奇特的；异样的（无最高级和比较级）vt.想象；设想；爱好 a fancy price / fancy goods / fancy his coming /fancy herself still young
style
n.风格；风度；类型 do things in style / in the style of / out of style.
jewel
n.珠宝；宝石 precious jewels / a jewel necklace
in return(for): in exchange (for); in payment (for)作为交换；报答；酬谢 in return for her kindness / in return for his gilt
light
vt. vi 点火，照亮 light a cigarette / light a torch/ light sb. on his way
mirror
n. 镜子；反映 a driving mirror / look in the mirror/ a mirror of the times
wonder
n. 奇迹；惊奇 the wonders of nature/ It’s no wonder. /in wonder
at war 处于交战状态 be at war / have been at war for long
remove
vt. to take away(from a place); take off移动;脱掉；除去remove the cloth from the table / remove one’s hat; You’ve got to remove your shoes before you enter the room.
furniture
n.家具（总称）much furniture / a lot of furniture /a set of furniture/ a piece of furniture
secretly
adv.秘密地；背地里 have a talk secretly/ take an action secretly
wooden
adj. 木制的 a wooden bridge/ a wooden chair
doubt
n. 怀疑；疑惑；vt.怀疑；不信 there is no doubt about sb./ sth./ no doubt/ …not doubt that / …doubt whether
mystery
n.神秘；神秘的事物 make a mystery of matter / dive into the mysteries of
apart
adv. 分离；分别地 miles apart / stand apart / keep apart from take apart 拆开 take apart the machine / take sb. apart
trial
n.审判；审问；试验 hold a trial / trial by a military court / give sb. a trial
consider
vt.1. to think about; examine考虑；思考I’m considering changing my job. We’ve decided to move and are considering a new house in Beijing. 2. to regard as认为I consider you a fool. I consider it a great honour to be here with you today. The boss considered Tom (to be) too lazy to be a good worker. 3. to take into account顾及；考虑到；If you consider (the fact) that she’s only been studying English a year, she speaks it very well.
opinion n.意见；看法；判断 give one’s opinion / in one’s opinion / depend on one’s opinion
evidence n.根据；证据；证物 evidence for his guilt/ call sb. for evidence/ material evidence/ verbal evidence
prove vt. 证明；证实 vi. 原来是；证明是 prove its truth / prove sb to be / be proved to be
pretend vt.假装；装扮 pretend to be / pretend that
think highly of 看重；器重 think highly of his deeds / think highly of his character
treasure n.财宝；财富；珍品 a store of hidden treasure / collect many treasures
besides adv. in addition, also此外;而且I don’t want to go; besides, I’m tired. I met some friends and other people besides. I don’t like those blue socks; what have you got besides? prep. as well as; in addition to除……之外 I have a few friends besides you. There were three others present at the meeting besides Mr. Day.
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