一、“体”的变化
关于“体”,不定式有:一般形式、进行体形式、完成体形式和完成进行体形式。
1. 一般形式to do:I decide to buy that red car. 我决定买那辆红色的车。
一般形式否定not to do:I decide not to buy that red car. 我决定不买那辆红色的车。
2. 进行体形式to be doing:
The little boy seems to be saying something. 这个小男孩似乎在说什么。
进行体形式否定not to be doing:
The little boy seems not to be saying anyhing. 这个小男孩似乎没在说什么。
3. 完成体形式to have done:
I was sorry to have told you that news. 很抱歉告诉你那则消息。
完成体形式否定not to have done:
I was sorry not to have told you that news. 很抱歉没告诉你那则消息。
二、“态”的变化
关于“态”的变化,不定式同样有主动和被动语态之分。不定式的被动语态是由“to be+ed分词”或者“to have been+ed分词”构成。
to be+ed分词:
The problem to be discussed tomorrow is a hard nut. 明天要讨论的问题很棘手。
to have been+ed分词:
She is really pleased to have been given this opportunity. 她很高兴有这次机会。
综上可知,不定式不是只有“to do”这一种结构。由这一结构变化而来的形式,我们也要注意掌握,以便灵活运用。
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