常考词的语法与用法:excuse, exercise, exhibition, exist, exp

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网

◆excuse n. & v.

1. 用作名词,表示“借口”或“理由”,是可数名词;表示做某事的借口或理由,通常用介词 for。如:

There is no excuse for such rudeness. 做出那样粗鲁的行为是没有理由的。

She’s always making excuses for being late. 她迟到总是有借口。

有时其后可接不定式(尤其是表示未发生的动作时)。如:

She wanted an excuse to be at the bus stop when Bill got off. 当比尔走时,她想找个借口去车站。

注:在某些固定短语,excuse 是不可数名词。如:

Those who are absent without (good) excuse will be dismissed. 那些无故不到的人将被除名。

2. 用作动词,通常是及物动词,其后除接名词或代词作宾语外,还接动名词(常带有逻辑主语)作宾语(注:不接不定式作宾语)。如:

Can you excuse his fault? 你能原谅他的错误吗?

I won’t excuse you a second time. 下一次我可不原谅你。

Excuse my opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我错开了你的信。

表示原谅的原因,通常用介词 for。如:

He excused her for being late. /He excused her being late.

他原谅她迟到。

◆exercise n.

1. 表示为了健康而进行的体格方面的锻炼或运动,通常是不可数名词(常与 take, do, get 等动词连用)。如:

Exercise makes one strong. 运动使人强壮。

If you don’t take [get] more exercise you’ll get fat. 你如果不多作运动,你会发胖的。

Do at least fifteen minutes’ exercise each day. 每天至少做15分钟的锻炼。

偶尔也可与不定冠词连用,表示一种运动。如:

Walking is (a) good exercise. 散步是(一种)很好的运动。

2. 表示身体各部位的训练以及各种技能技巧的训练等,通常是可数名词。如:

He does exercises to strengthen his voice. 他训练嗓音。

We’ll do some exercises in grammar this afternoon. 今天下午我们要做一些语法练习。

We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。

Will you attend the graduation exercises? 你将出席毕业典礼吗?

◆exhibition n.

1. 表示“举办展览”,通常用动词 have, hold, give, put on 等。如:

She will have [hold, give, put on] an exhibition of herpictures. 她将举办个人作品画展。

2. 用于 on exhibition(在展览)这一短语,通常不用冠词或其他限定词。如:

Some of the students’ paintings are now on exhibition at the school. 有些学生的画现正在学校展出。

注:有时也用 on exhibit(在展出)。如:

On exhibit are new products of industry and agriculture. 展出的是工农业的新产品。

◆exist v.

1. 表示“存在”、“有”、“活着”,通常只用作不及物动词,因此没有被动语态,且通常不用于进行时。如:

We don’t believe ghosts exist. 我们不相信有鬼存在。

Salt exists in many things. 许多东西中含有盐。

要表示“靠……生活”,通常用介词 on。如:

He exists on rice and water. 他靠吃米饭和喝水过活。

I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting. 我挣的工资简直难以糊口。

2. 可用于 There exist……句式。如:

There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies. 两个物体之间永远存在着吸引力。

◆expect v.

1. 表示“期待”、“期望”,通常用作及物动词,不要受汉语的影响在其后误加介词 for。如:

我在等她的电话。

误:I’m expecting for a telephone call from her.

正:I’m expecting a telephone call from her.

我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。

误:We should not expect for success overnight.

正:We should not expect success overnight.

2. 不要认为 expect

I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。

I expect to be back on Sunday. /I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。

有时可用于不好的方面。如:

He expects to fail the exam. 他预料自己考试不会及格。

3. 其后可接不定式或不定式的复合结构,但不能接动名词。如:

I expect to finish the work by Friday. 我期望能在星期五以前完成此工作。

He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。

4. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如:

I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。

在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如:

I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。

其后可接 that 从句,但不接 wh 从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用“疑问词+do you expect……”这样的句式。如:

你想什么时候离开?

误:Do you expect when you will leave?

误:Do you expect when to leave?

正:When do you expect to leave?

在简略回答中,expect 后的 that 从句可用so(肯定)或 not(否定)代替。如: A:Will he come back soon? 他很快会回来吗?

B:I expect so (I expect not). 我想是的(我看不会)。

4. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如:

I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。

We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。

有时在其后接不定式的完成式。如上面第一句也可改成:

I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.

5. 注意以下与 as 和 than 连用的句子:

He returned three days earlier than (he was) expected. 他回来的时间比预料的要早三天。

As might have been expected, he won first prize. 正如所料,他获得了一等奖。

The machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating. 正如所料,这台机器已停止运转。


本文来自:逍遥右脑记忆 https://www.jiyifa.com/gaozhong/1248707.html

相关阅读:如何进行高三英语第一轮复习