作为基本技能之一的“听力”,在高考中具有不可忽视的地位。要求考生听懂人们日常生活交际中所进行的简短对话和独白。考生应该能够做到以下几点:
(1) 理解主旨要义: 它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会, 理解说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的, 有时主旨大意较明显, 有时则需要归纳和概括。
(2) 获取事实性的具体信息: 它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息, 准确理解具体细节,如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时, 还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理, 比如数字运算、时间排序、比较筛选、同义转换等。
(3) 对所听内容做出简单推断: 它要求我们从对话或独白的话题和语气中来推断出对话双方(或说话人)的职业或身份, 彼此之间(或与他人)的关系, 对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。
(4) 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度: 它要求我们从话语中听出“弦外之音”, 也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度。从最近几年高考试题分析可归纳以下几个考点:
考点一: 事实细节类
1. 地点场景类
考例 1: Where does the conversation most probably take place? (2008闽、苏、皖、赣卷)
A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. At home.
听力原文:W: OK, time to go home.
M: I can’t, because I haven’t finished the report about the newly opened restaurant.
W: Well, if you carry on working like that, you’ll make yourself ill.
解析: 根据对话中 “ time to go home. … I can’t, because I haven’t finished the report”就可以推断出是在办公室。
地点题选项一般由表示地点的名词或介词加这类名词组成。有些地点是对话中直接提到的, 有些是需要根据对话的内容来判断的, 还有的两者兼而有之。地点类常考的地点一般为机场、实验室、学校、商店、车站、图书馆、餐馆、医院、邮局等。常见的提问方式: 1. Where does this conversation probably take place? / 2. Where did it happen? / 3. Where is…? / 4. What kind of store is she going to?
关键词: Bank: account, cash, check, savings.
School: campus, dorm, grades, lecture, paper, exam, grades, playground, teacher.
Restaurant: menu, soup, drink, order, bill.
Airport / Station : train, time table, take off, passenger, flight.
Post office: parcel, package, stamp, postage, letter, airmail.
Hospital: cold, fever, pain, cough, trouble, temperature.
2. 时间类
考例2: When will the two speakers leave if they get cheaper tickets? (2007湖南卷)
A. On Tuesday. B. On Thursday C. On Friday
听力原文:M: Those tickets on Tuesday are so expensive. Can’t you find anything better before Friday?
W: Well, if we want cheaper tickets, we have to leave on Thursday.
解析: 根据对话中 “we have to leave on Thursday” 就可以直接得出答案。
在时间类题目中,当对时间进行提问时,也可能不用数字而用表示时间的短语来表示,考生应注意以下几点:
a. 根据表示时间的关联词来判断事件发生的时间,如: before, after, when, while, then, until, later, right away, immediately, as soon as possible等。
b. 掌握年、月、日、星期等时间的表达方法。注意一些表示时间的词, 如 quarter, a couple of days, eve, fortnight (two weeks), dawn (daybreak), dusk (time just before it gets quite back) 等。同时注意英、美不同的时间表达方式,如:2 : 15读作 a quarter past two(英)或 two fifteen(美); 2:30读作 half past two (英) two thirty(美)等。
c. 有时候,文中通过从句或短语表示时间,而不出现具体表示时间的数字或表示时间概念的单词,这种情况也要引起注意。例如:“Aren’t you glad the term’s over?”可以判断出时间为“at the end of the term”。常见的提问方式有: 1. When does the conversation take place? / 2. When does the man want to leave? / 3. How long did it take the man to ….? / 4. When did the football match start?
关键词: ago, before, after, when, until, later, immediately, quarter, a couple of days, fortnight, decade, etc..
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