高考中的单项选择题虽然只有15道,但考查的知识点却几乎涉及到中学所学的所有语法项目,包括冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、动词、连词、各类从句、倒装、it的用法等,此外,还有交际口语。考点虽然广泛,但却以动词为重点。从历届全国高考及各省的高考题来看,动词少则5道(占单选总量的33.3%),多则8道(占单选题总量的53.3%)。动词的考点包括时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词辨析、短语动词等,这些都是我们高考复习的重点。就各个考点而言,也有存一定规律,现分述如下:
1. 冠词命题规律:
(1)不定冠词表示泛指;
(2)定冠词表示特指;
(3)不可数名词和复数可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。
2. 代词命题规律:
(1)不定代词all, any, none, both, either, neither; other, another; some, any; little, few; something, anything, nothing, somebody/one, anybody/one, nobody, no one等;
(2)替代词it, one, that, those;
(3)在简略回答中用人称代词的宾语;(4)疑问代词用于“疑问词+不定式”结构。
3. 名词命题规律:
(1)可数名词和不可数名词的判断与转化;
(2)名词的所有格;
(3)语境中对名词的选择。
4. 形容词和副词的命题规律:
(1)语境中选择适当的形容词或副词;
(2)多个形容词作定语的排序;
(3)比较等级及其修饰语;
(4)ed形容词和ing形容词的区别;
(5)与形容词同形的副词与ly副词的区别。
5. 介词命题规律:
(1)常用介词的用法,如as, by, of, with, over, on, towards, beyond, through等;
(2)常用的短语介词,如instead of, in search of, in case of, in fear of, because of, as a result of等;
(3)由介词构成的习语,如in a word, in another word, in fact, in all, above all, after all, at all, at last, as a result等。
6. 动词时态的命题规律:
(1)三个一般:一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时;
(2)三个现在:现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时;
(3)三个过去:过去进行时、过去完成时,过去完成进行时。
命题形式也有3条规律:
(1)通常有一个可参照的时间信息词;
(2)固定句式中的时态。如:祈使句+and / or+陈述句(用一般将来时);过去进行时+when+一般过去时;
(3)常以对话的形式出现。
7. 非谓语动词的命题规律:
(1)不定式和动名词作宾语的区别;
(2)作状语的区别;
(3)作补语的区别;
(4)作定语的区别;
(5)非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构。
8. 情态动词的命题规律:
(1)情态动词的基本意义和用法,特别是can, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t, shall, should, used to, had better, would rather等;
(2) 表示推测的用法;
(3) 表示后悔或轻微责备的用法。
9. 短语动词的命题规律:
(1) take, get, make, put, look, turn, break, go, fall, hold, keep, work, carry, give, cut, set, fall等动词+介词或副词;
(2)动词+out / in / up / down / on / off / to / away / over / back等;
(3)动词+副词+介词,如keep up with, put up with, come up with, hold on to, go together with, get along / on with, go in for, break away from, get out of, get down to等。
值得注意的是:
(1)考查的词义在教材中可能没出现。如:work out作“结果”解,break down作“失败”解在教材中就没有;
(2)考查的短语在大纲中可能没列出。
10. 动词辨析的命题规律:
(1)语境中选择一个恰当的动词。如:do(行、替代动词), act(起作用), , leave(留下), sense(感觉到), run(褪色), cover(采访), promise(有…的希望), follow / catch(明白), matter(要紧), attempt(企图)等;
(2)词义和用法容易混淆的动词。如:turn, become, get, go, grow(变化);suit, fit, meet, satisfy, do(适合);supply, offer, provide(提供);want, wish, hope, expect (希望、料想、祝愿);spend, take, cost, pay(花费);see, watch, notice, observe, glance, stare(看);say, speak, tell, talk(说);receive, accept(收到、接受);last, continue, keep(持续); seat, sit(坐); rise, raise(升高); celebrate, congratulate (庆祝、祝贺); manage, try(努力); persuade, advise, suggest(劝); beat, hit, strike, knock(打); raise, grow, feed (养、植); seat, hold, admit(容纳); bear, stand, take(承受、忍受); start, begin(开始); separate, divide(分开)等;
(3)拼写易混的词。如:spare, share; lie, lay, find, found;
(4)动词与名词等的习惯搭配。如:answer the phone / door; kill the time, read sb. mind / thought, make it(成功), make it 8 (定于8点);
(5)判断动词后能否接又宾语或复合宾语。
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