高中英语语法讲解:虚拟语气if倒装句

编辑: 逍遥路 关键词: 高中英语 来源: 高中学习网

  省略连词if 采用倒装的非真实条件句
  在书面语中,条件从句可以不用连词if, 而将谓语中的过去式were,had或should等移至主语之前,构成倒装。
  例:Were you in my position, you would do the same.
  假如你处在我的地位,你也会这样干的。
  例:Had he come earlier, he would have met her.
  要是他早点来的话,他就会见到她了。
  虚拟语气在储蓄条件句中的应用
  非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来,只暗含在短语或上下文中,这种句子叫做储蓄条件句。常见的有but,for ,without等引导的短语,以及or, or else, otherwise, but 等后面的分句。
  例:But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
  如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验室是不会成功的。
  例:We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
  在更有利的条件下,我们能够做得更好些。
  经典考点:
  1、____right now, she would get there on Sunday.
  A)Would she leave
  B)If she leaves
  C)Were she to leave
  D)If she had left
  2、____for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
  A)Not being
  B)Had it not been
  C)Without being
  D)Not having been
  3、We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ____him.
  A)would have telephoned
  B)must have telephoned
  C)would telephone
  D)had telephoned
  4、A safety analysis____the target as a potential dandger Unfortunately, it was never done.
  A)would identify
  B)will identify
  C)would have identified
  D)will have identified
  解析:
  1、答案选C。从句子结构可知,本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。主句的谓语是“should+动词原形”。同时,从句省略了连词if, 可以将were提前,构成倒装。只以C符合语法规则。本题意思:如果她马上动身的话,她可能在星期天到达那里。
  2、选B。从句子结构可知,空缺处应填入表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句,并且将连词if 省略。此时应把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前。符合语法规则的只有B项。
  3、选A。本题中otherwise引出的是一种与事实相反的假设条件,后面的句子应用虚拟语气。前一分句暗示了一个过去的时间,所以用不着would have done的形式,相当于If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him.
  4、选C。根据unfortunately后面直接陈述一个过去的事实,可以推断出第一个句子里含有一种“应该做某事而没有做的”虚拟条件。C项用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,正合题意。B、D不是虚拟语气。


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