At Dallas/ Fort Worth Airport, the lights are controlled by sensors that measure sunlight. They dim immediately when its sunny and brighten when a passing cloud blocks the sun.
A wall of windows at a University of Pennsylvania engineering building has built-in blinds(百叶窗) controlled by a computer program that follows the suns path.
Buildings are getting smarter-and the next generation of building materials is expected to
do even more.
Windows could catch the suns energy to heat water. Sensors that measure the carbon dioxide
breathed out by people in a room could determine whether the air conditioning needs to be turned up.
题目:What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A.Buildings Are Becoming Smarter B.Buildings Are Getting More Sunlight
C.Buildings Are Lacking in Much Energy D.Buildings Are Using Cheaper Materials
这是一篇结构非常清晰的说明文,先用两个例子引出了说明的对象,第三段是很明显的文章主旨句。那么同学们在读文章时应该读出这个结构,这是一篇 事物+特点的文章,事物是building,特点是getting smarter。接下来又举了很多例子,没必要细读,抓住大概列举的对象就行。不管是把主题句揪出来,或是把握住文章结构,都能很容易把这道题的答案A选出来。
第二个误区,读文章时断章取义。这个误区实际是对一个误区的延伸,就是同学对文章缺乏大局观,仅仅根据本段来理解本段。比如07年湖南卷有这样一篇文章,后面有道题问的是段落主旨。我把其他段的大意翻译出来,只留下一二两段:
1.One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a sea of technology rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will changes the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on childs play.
2.Each of us has a place in nature we go sometime, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment(蚕食)? asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
3.接近自然好处多。
4.不是孩子的错。
5.每个人都有责任来让孩子重返自然。
题目:The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that___
A. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoors
B. parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
C. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the woods
D. children are expected to develop into protector of nature
这个题目正确答案是D,而很多考生误选了A。纠其原因,就是根据本段理解本段,没能体会这个段落在文章中的作用。这篇文章结构很清晰,先讲了一个现象(孩子脱离自然),然后表明了自己的态度,最后提出解决方案。好了,文章很明显的是,第一段讲了现象,第三段讲了态度,第4.5段讲解决方案。那问题就出来了,第二段它要干吗,是做为第一段的延续把这个现象更一步描述呢,还是表明了作者的态度,并引出了第三段的阐述?这样就能看出第2段文章的主旨了,它不是在描述现象,它是在讲作者的态度,表明了作者对孩子脱离自然后果的担忧;四个选项就只有D是最合适的,表明了作者的态度,孩子们应该要成长成为大自然的保护者。
第三个误区,深究生词和难句。高考考纲规定高考阅读中超纲词可占3%-5%,同学们背纲内词也会有盲点,在加上英语当中有很多抽象的词汇不好理解,我们在考试中遇到不理解的词的情况时有发生。有些词不影响我们对文章结构的把握,细节题也没有考到,这样的词可以勇敢的跳过,在考场上没必要花时间去仔细琢磨。句子也是一样,我们关注的只是跟主旨相关的,以及后面题目考到的那些句子。于是就有这样一种情况,这个词这个句子考到了我又不理解那怎么办。我们看一道06湖南高考的真题:
题目:According to the passage, Susan Sontag____.
A. was a sensualist as well as a moralist B. looked down upon the pop culture
C. thought content was more important than form
D. blamed the victim of cancer for being repressed
这是一道分散定位的题,答案是A。文章当中根据sensualist 和 moralist定位可以找到这样一句话:
By conviction (信念) she was a sensualist (感觉论者), but by nature she was a moralist (伦理学者), and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward.
这句话很抽象,尤其第一个and前的部分,即使翻译成中文从信念上说,她是一个感觉论者,但是从本质上说她是一个伦理学者,可能你都还是不知道这要表达什么意思。于是有些同学会仔细琢磨这句话反复的去琢磨这句话的精深含义,其实仅从字面上把握对于做题已经足够了。能理解到她一方面是什么人,另一方面又是什么人,而作品中体现了后面一种人的特点,就能选出正确答案A。高考英语阅读有这个特点,越是文字难度大的文章,后面的题就越友好,往往通过定位,稍微把握一下句子的意思就可以把题选对,甚至选项直接照搬原文细节;而在文字难度相对小的文章,正确答案一般都得对原文细节进行改写,这样就在考你是否对该细节有较深入的理解了。
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