形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人和事物的性质和特征。副词既可修饰动词,又可修饰形容词,其它副词,甚至整个句子。
(一)形容词和副词级的变化:
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级:
原级:
比较级:比较...,更...一些
最高级:最...
1、一般构成规律:
一般单音节词,直接加-er,-est
high
higher
highest
以e结尾的词,加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以单个辅音字母(非r)结尾的单音节词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
thin
thinner
thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er,-est
happy
happier
happiest
多数多音节词和源于分词的形容词,在原级前加more,most
difficult
more difficult
most difficult
2、常见的不规则变化:
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3、常见的比较级和最高级的基本句型及其用法:
原级的用法:
①肯定句型:
as+形容词(副词)原级+as…意思是“与……一样”
The boy is as clever as his brother.这个男孩和他的哥哥一样聪明。
Lucy writes as carefully as Lily.露茜写得和莉莉一样认真。
②否定句型:
not so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as…意思是“不如……“
Monkeys are not as strong as elephants.猴子不如大象强壮。
He is not so good a man as you.他没有你好。
比较级的用法:588.es
1、比较级+than
Peter is wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明。
The car is more beautiful than that one.这来辆车比那一辆漂亮。
2、形容词比较级前可用much,even,still,any,far,four times,a little等修饰。
Peter is much wiser than Sam.彼得比山姆聪明的多。
The room is a little brighter than that one.这间房子比那间稍微亮一点。
3、比较级+and+比较级意思是“越来越…...”
It rains harder and harder.雨下得越来越大。
4、The+比较级,the+比较级意思是“越…...就越…...”
The harder you study,the faster you make progress.你学习越努力,进步就越快。
5、比较级+than any other+单数名词.意思是“比其它的任何一个……都更……”(这种情况其实是用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思。)
He is more stupid than any other student in his class.在他班里他比其它任何学生都更愚蠢。
She is taller than any other girl in the team.她比队里的其余任何一个女孩都要高。
最高级的用法:
1、有范围修饰的用最高级,如:in,of,among或用从句修饰的句子中。
This is the most expensive of all the watches.在所有这些表中这块最贵。
2、序数词+最高级+名词表示“第几个最……的”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二大河流。
The park is the third largest one in Beijing.这个公园是北京第三大公园。
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